The results of an experiment on research of the internal waves, carried out in July, 2008 in the Onega gulf of the White Sea, are presented. Behavior of time variability of short -time period internal waves during a tidal cycle is investigated. It is shown that fluctuations of a thermocline and temperature of an ocean surface are correlated and in-phased.

The results for three-dimensional (3D) winter and summer tidal flows in the Arctic Ocean are presented. It is shown that dependent on ice seasonal variability of the tidal constants (amplitudes and phases of tidal sea surface level elevations) in the Central and Canadian parts of the Arctic Ocean is less than the mean square error in the predicted tidal sea surface level elevations. This means that the seasonal variability can be neglected, at least as a first approximation. A different situation is encountered in the Siberian continental shelf, where seasonal changes of tidal amplitude are ± 5 cm, while those of tidal phase vary from 15º to several tens of degrees.

Using of a complicated probing signal and coherent reception allows to distinguish echo-signals from various blinking points on the case of underwater object that allows to estimate such secondary signs, as the form of object and its linear sizes. Measurement of frequency of each echo-signal allows to estimate radial speed of mutual moving, and the knowledge of the form of an object allows to estimate a course angle and full speed of observable object.

The construction, assignment, functions and algorithmic structure of data fusion of underwater networkcentric surveillance system are considered.

The report considers a signal-noise situation surveillance station meeting the modern requirements: it has an adaptive teletype hidden communication path through hydroacoustic channel, nonvolatile memory of big capacity, long endurance (up to 1 year), deployment depth of down to 6000m, GPS receiver for determining its location, it uses rapid signal digital processing algorithms.

In the present work the dynamic and information model of hydroacoustic and hydrophysical algorithmic systems interaction is considered with the view of designing of optimized (adaptive) procedures for weak signal allocation in the presence of masking interference, and also for estimation of unknown parameters of HA and HP field sources movement. Physical basis of these problems solving is the difference in field generation and propagation mechanism under their information interaction.

Lidar detection of hydrophysical nonhomogeneity, such as internal waves or turbulence, is possible if there is marked stratification of the depth profiles of attenuation coefficient and the fluid density, and if the lidar echo-signal from pycnocline area is sufficiently large. A new submersible instrument for attenuation coefficient measuring was developed and produced. In this paper we describe the instrument and the algorithm of its calibration and measurement accuracy estimation. The results of field measurements of attenuation coefficient, density and temperature depth profiles in 12 spots (stations) in the Barents Sea are given. Using the results of these measurements, we computed the echo-signal levels and the signal-noise ratio as functions of depth. It was shown that at all stations the echo-signal power is sufficient enough for hydrophysical nonhomogeneity detection.

In the article the review of the basic modern global problems connected with sea activity of the states in the World Ocean, a place and a role in their decision of a new perspective class of underwater systems – mobile underwater robots (or UUVs) is given. Globalization forming uniform universal economicinformation field, bears both constructive, and destructive influence on many aspects of the world community life, including research, economic and military problems solved in the World Ocean. The spectrum of the basic problems and prospects of UUVs, as dual-purpose means, in their decision is considered.