The importance of the formulation of new calculation schemes of energy inflow from wind to waves intended for inclusion in forecasting models of wind waves is proved. The scheme based on Miles linear theory which connects Fourier components of superficial pressure with Fourier components of an eminence through so-called beta-function is described. The beta-function is presented as the dependence on the wind speed relation at height of a half of a wave to the phase speed of mode for this wave number. The approximation of beta-function received according to data of statistical processing of results of direct joint simulation of the waves and ground-level layer of the atmosphere is presented. The test results of the method in the model of forecast of wind waves WAVEWATCH, which was adapted for the Baltic sea region are shown. The system of the forecast of sea waves WAVEWATCH/WRF is described. This system was used for the experiment on the storm reproduction which was observed in August 18—22 2014. The results of the experiments as well as the comparison of results with the observations data received from FMI buoy are given. It is shown that the forecast model of wind waves with the offered scheme introduced in it has successfully reproduced nervousness evolution.

A solution of equations of the 3D finite-element hydrostatic model QUODDY-4 shows that the fields of the averaged (over a tidal cycle) depth-integrated baroclinic tidal energy dissipation and the depth-averaged diapycnal diffusivity will differ in the Barents and Kara Seas both qualitatively and quantitatively. So, if in the Barents Sea the above distributions are a maximum in the southern regions and a minimum to the west from the Novaya Zemlya islands, then in the Kara Sea maximum values fall on the Central plato and also on Baydaratskii, Obskii, Gydanskii and Eniseyskii bays, whereas minimum values are detected in discrete spots, scattered basically in the north-eastern part of the sea only. The fields of the diapycnal diffusivity in these seas bear a general resemblance to those for dissipation, their values in the Kara Sea being an order of magnitude less than in the Barents Sea. This fact is explained by an increase in the buoyancy frequency squared in the Kara Sea as compared with the Barents Sea. Then, allowing for the approximation of «weak interaction» and comparing values of vertical eddy diffusivities, found without considering tidal forcing, and the diapycnal diffusivities, we ensure that the influence of tidally induced diapycnal diffusion must affect the climate of the Barents Sea and must not be essentially pronounced in the near-estuary regions of the Kara Sea.

The results of long-term contact measurements of the heights of short-period internal waves in the regions beside of the Solovki islands, of the southern border of Gorlo strait and to the North of the Kola Peninsula in the Barents Sea, made in the summer seasons of the years 2010—2016. The duration of measurements in each region was not less than 24 hours per season. It is established that for each day in each region, from 50 to 150 waves are observed, which on average have heights from 2 to 6 meters. In some of them, intense internal waves are recorded several times a day. The maximum recorded heights of internal waves in the White Sea are 18 meters, in the Barents Sea — 8 meters. Assuming the stationarity of the waveforming factors, estimates are made for the probability of occurrence of extreme heights of internal waves, which can be observed once a day, 10 days, 1 month, 2 months, 3 months. The most intense internal waves are expected in the White Sea, near the Western Solovki Strait, where once a month there will be waves up to 28 meters high, and waves more than 10 meters are expected in the area north of the Kola Peninsula, in the Barents Sea.

Data processing of hydrographic stations carried out by CTD and LADCP profilers is presented in detail. The CTD and current profiles were measured in the Vema Fracture Zone (11°N) of the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge onboard the R/V «Akademik Sergey Vavilov» in September 2015 and April 2016. The goal of these measurements is to study the thermohaline properties and velocities of the Antarctic bottom flow through the Vema FZ. This abyssal channel connects the deep basins of the East and West Atlantic and plays a crucial role in the propagation of Antarctic Bottom Water. We analyzed thermohaline properties of bottom waters at 6 hydrographic stations. In order to remove the effects of horizontal instrument motion from the LADCP measurements the velocity inversion method was applied. Current measurements were corrected by subtracting the tidal velocities using the TPXO model of the Oregon State University. Velocities of the main flow through the northern channel are more than 40 cm/s. In this study we also used the data of digital bathymetry and our echo-sounder measurements. Velocity, temperature and salinity sections across channels are presented for two main parts of the Vema FZ. Known velocities and geometry of the channel allow the calculation of bottom water transports between deep basins of the North Atlantic.

Benthic organisms can significantly influence the geochemical processes in the sediments by digging burrows and tunnels, which are then destroyed or backfilled, by absorption and excretion of sediments, plowing of surface soil etc. This work is dedicated to assessment of influence of invasive polychaetes Marenzelleria arctia activity on organic carbon content, total contents of iron and manganese in the solid phase of bottom sediments in the Eastern part of the Gulf of Finland. The content of chemical compounds in the sediments, abundance and biomass of polychaetes were obtained during the research cruise of RSHU in July 2016. Statistical analysis of field data allowed to reveal the peculiarities in distribution of chemicals depending on polychaetes population. Stations with higher polychaetes density were found to correspond to the lower content of organic matter, iron and manganese in the solid phase of sediments. In contrast, at stations with low Marenzelleria population the contents of these substances are higher. It can be concluded that bioturbation activity of polychaetes increases organic matter mineralization and reduces its burial, and also, probably, contributes to a more intensive consumption of Fe and Mn oxides/hydroxides in organic matter oxidation.

The comprehensive oceanographic and geomorphological studies were conducted in September and November 2014 in the area of Cape Otkrytyi (the east coast of Ussuri Bay, the Sea of Japan), in which the construction of the coal-sea terminal «Port Vera» is planned. The aim was to study the dynamic processes in the coastal zone (currents, waves, infra-gravity waves) and their influence on the coast state and transport of marine sediment. To address these objectives two wind-wave recorders were installed at different depths as well as a measuring instrument of sea level and currents; a coast route survey and surveying works on the four cross-shore tacks were performed, the bottom sediments were sampled (twice). To study the effect of weather conditions, a digital weather station was installed. It is shown that during the observation period there was an increase of coastal south-directed flow, which could be the cause of transport of fine sediments from the northern part of Ussuri Bay. Their transit and accumulation were identified by the results of sampling and surveying filming at depths greater than 15 m, the situation of erosion was observed in the coastal part. Inspite of the intense wind waves and the abrasion exposure of cape areas of the coast composed of hard rocks, the flow of unconsolidated sediments to the coastal slope in the area of the port construction is unlikely. Surf beats (infra-gravity waves) play a significant role in the coastal dynamics. Key words: wind waves, infra-gravity waves, current, sea level, accumulation, sediments, bathymetry.

The results of the experiment done in the Japan Sea in March 2016 on the 194 kilometer long acoustic track are discussed. The most complicated case of the impulse wideband pseudo-random signals distribution from a shelf into a deep sea crossing the eddy is investigated. The analysis of the experimentally achieved impulse responses showed that the maximal first arrival detected in all measurements points has a good correlation with the calculations. The impulses propagated in the near-surface sound channel on a shortest range at angles close to zero are received first on the studied receiving horizon. For the case of the low frequency impulse signals distribution with small sliding angles through the eddy structure it is shown that ray trajectories do not take any significant changes, because the eddy influence have minor effect on the time structure of the impulse response formation on all the track. This fact allowed adapting widely known software for the acoustic field calculations RAY for the experiment conditions. The methodic of the average sound speed on a track calculation using data from satellite monitoring of the surface temperature is proposed. The methodic allows counting on successful application of the achieved results in the tasks of the acoustic rangefinding and navigation.

A new marine polarization lidar PLD-1 was developed. It was designed for determine the spatial structure of the fields of hydrooptical characteristics, as well as recording and determining the position of objects in the seawater column. A solid-state pulsed YAG: Nd laser with diode pumping is used as a source of sounding radiation. The design features and the main technical characteristics of the lidar are given in the paper. Some results of the first full-scale experiments performed in the coastal waters of the Black Sea are presented. During these experiments, echo-signals from the flat and spherical targets were confidently recorded with the length of the underwater portion of the sounding path more than two times longer than the depth of visibility of the Secchi disk Zb. The advantage of the polarization method for locating immersed objects with registration of the cross-polarized component of the echo-signal is demonstrated.