Characteristics of the Image System based on Photon Density Waves in Observing Underwater Objects through a Waved Surface
https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/7k5k-zu86-nxhz
Abstract
The wavy surface effect on the resolution of optical imaging systems employing narrow modulated probing beams is studied. Relations are formulated connecting the complex amplitudes of the photon density waves (propagating through the wavy interface and the water layer) to the main parameters of the problem. These relations consider the finite waves height and the change in the photon trajectory length due to random refraction of rays upon entering the water. The optical transfer function of the wavy surface and the beam scattering function averaged over the ensemble of surface waving realizations are introduced. The dependences of these functions on the surface waves integral parameters, namely, the elevations and slopes dispersions, are examined. The contributions of surface waving and water layer to the generation of optical transfer functions and to the overall signal level from an underwater object when it is imaged using photon density waves are estimated. It is shown that in a certain range of depths, spatial frequencies, and illumination beam modulation frequencies, the systems employing photon density waves can demonstrate advantages over the systems with stationary illumination.
Keywords
imaging systems,
wavy surface,
modulated transfer function,
photon density waves,
multiply scattering
Supporting agencies: We thank L.S. Dolin for helpful advice that we used in our work. This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russia (project 0030–2021– 0006) and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 19–02–00089a).
About the Authors
A. G. Luchinin
Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Aleksandr G. Luchinin. Dr.Sci. (Phys.-Math.), Chief Researcher
AuthorID: 472
603950, Ul’anova str., 46, Nizhny Novgorod
V. Yu. Kirillin
Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Mikhail Yu. Kirillin. Ph.D. (Phys.-Math.), Senior Researcher
elibrary AuthorID: 153037
603950, Ul’anova str., 46, Nizhny Novgorod
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Review
For citations:
Luchinin A.G., Kirillin V.Yu. Characteristics of the Image System based on Photon Density Waves in Observing Underwater Objects through a Waved Surface. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2022;15(3):125–136. https://doi.org/10.59887/fpg/7k5k-zu86-nxhz
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