Long-term Transparency Variability of the Black Sea Surface Waters
https://doi.org/10.7868/S207366731803005X
Abstract
Changes in the transparency of the surface waters of the Black Sea are analyzed on the basis of long-term Secchi depth definitions. The analysis used literature data and the results of definitions during expeditions on research vessels and a stationary oceanographic platform. It is noted that after a catastrophic recession of the surface waters transparency in the early 1990s, a gradual increase in its values occurred, and the situation was returned to the one earlier observed in the 1960—1980. The decrease in transparency was due to the reorganization of the plankton community structure of the Black Sea waters owing to the arrival of large amounts of anthropogenic origin nutrients with the river runoff, as well as the appearance of the invader — ctenophore Mnemiopsis. The subsequent improvement of the situation was due to the crisis phenomena in the economic activity of the coastal countries, and the emergence of the second invasive ctenophore Beroe ovata, which reduced the impact of the ctenophore Mnemiopsis on the plankton community. It is shown that a complete restoration of the ecosystem of the sea did not occur, and as a consequence of this, relapses of abnormal phytoplankton bloom sometimes take place. However, the duration of the ecosystem restoration after relapse is now 3—4 months, unlike the several years in the early 1990s.
About the Authors
M. E. Lee
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sevastopol
A. A. Latushkin
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sevastopol
O. V. Martynov
Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Sevastopol
References
1. Bondur V. G. et al. Investigation of flow fields and coastal waters pollution on the Gelendzhik shelf of the Black Sea by using space data. Exploring Earth from Space. 2012, 4, 3—11 (in Russian).
2. Ecological problems of the Black Sea [Electronic resource]. URL: http://biofile.ru/geo/51.html (date of access: 24.06.2018).
3. Pyrina I. L. Determination of the phytoplankton primary production according to maximum photosynthesis, total solar radiation and water transparency. Hydrobiological Journal. 1979, 15, 6, 109—113 (in Russian).
4. Guide to hydrological works in the oceans and seas. L., Gidrometeoizdat. 1977, 725 p. (in Russian).
5. Mankovsky V. I. et al. The long-term variability of transparency in the Black Sea and the factors that caused its strong decline in the late 80's—early 90's. Preprint. Sevastopol. 1996, 32 p. (in Russian).
6. Kukushkin A. S. et al. The long-term variability of water transparency in the shelf and deepwater areas of the Black Sea in the XXth century. Ecological safety coastal and shelf zones of sea. Sevastopol, ECOSY-Hydrophysics. 2013, 27, 243—248 (in Russian).
7. Mankovsky V. I. Long-term variability of the state of the Black Sea ecosystem according to optical data. Sustainability and evolution of the oceanological characteristics of the Black Sea ecosystem / Eds. V. N. Eremeev, S. K. Konovalov. Sevastopol, ECOSYHydrophysics. 2012, 223—241 (in Russian).
8. Mankovsky V. I. et al. Hydrooptical parameters of the Black Sea. Handbook. Sevastopol, MHI NAS of Ukraine. 2009, 90 p. (in Russian).
9. Voznyak B. et al. The input of photosynthetically active radiation into the euphotic zone of the Black Sea in April-May 1984. Investigation of the pelagic ecosystem of the Black Sea. IO Ac. of Sci., USSR, M. 1986, 198—221 (in Russian).
10. Levin I. M., Nikolaev V. P. On the evaluation of the vertical attenuation of quantum irradiance in the region of photosynthetically active radiation in the Black Sea. Oceanology. 1992, 32, 2, 240—245 (in Russian).
11. Nikolaev V. P., Sasin V. D. Peculiarities of the optical structure of the Black Sea waters in February-March of 1991. Dep. VINITI, N1306-B92. Gelendzhik, SB of IO RAS. 1992, 35 p. (in Russian).
12. Ocean optics: in 2 v. / Ed. A.S. Monin. M., Nauka, 1983. V. 1: Physical optics of the Ocean, 114—229 (in Russian).
13. Fashchuk D. Ya., Shaporenko S. I. Pollution of coastal waters of the Black Sea: sources, current level, interannual variability. Water resources. 1995, 22, 3, 237—281 (in Russian).
14. Vedernikov V. I., Demidov A. B. Primary production and chlorophyll in the deep waters of the Black Sea. Oceanology. 1993, 33, 2, 229—235 (in Russian).
15. Anninsky B. E., Timofte F. Distribution of zooplankton in the western sector of the Black Sea in October 2005. Marine ecological journal. 2009, 8, 1, 17—31 (in Russian).
16. Yasakova O. N., Stanichny S. V. Abnormal bloom of Emiliania huxleyi (Prymnesiophyceae) in 2012 in the Black Sea. Marine ecological journal. 2012, XI, 4, 64 (in Russian).
17. Churilova T. Ya., Suslin V. V. About the reasons for the Emiliania huxleyi dominance in the phytoplankton of the deep-sea part of the Black Sea in the early summer. Ecological safety coastal and shelf zones of sea. Sevastopol, ECOSY-Hydrophysics. 2013, 26, 195—203 (in Russian).
18. Korchemkina E. N., Lee M. E. The anomalous optical characteristics of the Black Sea waters in July 2012 and their relationship to the concentration of mineral suspended matter in water. Marine hydrophysical journal. 2014, 2, 67—72 (in Russian).
19. Lee M. E. et al. Determination of the seawater impurities concentration using the sea reflectance spectra. Marine hydrophysical journal. 2015, 6, 17—33 (in Russian).
20. Turquoise swirls in the Black Sea [Electronic resource]. URL: https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/turquoise-swirls-in-the-blacksea (date of access: 15.10.2017).
Review
For citations:
Lee M.E., Latushkin A.A., Martynov O.V. Long-term Transparency Variability of the Black Sea Surface Waters. Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2018;11(3):40-46. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S207366731803005X
Views:
166
Email this article 