Numerical modeling of wind waves with energy input and dissipation

The paper addresses a critical challenge in wind wave modeling — the need for accurate representation of energy input from wind and wave energy dissipation. It is emphasized that reliable incorporation of these processes is essential for improving the accuracy of operational wave forecasting models and for assessing risks associated with extreme wave events. The study introduces specific parameterizations for energy input and dissipation, implemented within the three-dimensional potential wave model TriDWave, which is based on nonlinear Euler equations in a periodic domain. Energy input is computed using a modified Miles theory, while dissipation is modeled via an operator triggered in near-breaking wave regions, facilitating rapid surface smoothing. Long-term numerical simulations demonstrate that incorporating these parameterizations enables realistic modeling of wave field evolution under steady wind forcing, including the reproduction of total energy growth, spectral peak downshift, and the formation of waves with characteristic vertical and horizontal asymmetry. The presented approach establishes a foundation for developing more refined physical parameterizations in wave models and contributes to the creation of reliable wind wave forecasting systems.

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