Catastrophic flood of the Neva, 1721 (to the 300th anniversary of the event)
https://doi.org/10.7868/S2073667321040109
Abstract
The few preserved information about the flood of the Neva on November 5 (16), 1721 testifies to its catastrophic character. The flood was reported by F. Kh. Weber, F.V. Berchgoltz, Anri de Lavi, N.N. Golovin et al. The height of the flood was estimated by I.G. Leutman and published in article with L. Euler in 1729. However, it is known that a number of techniques for handling samples from level-gauge observations do not stand up to criticism from modern observatory and metrological positions. Thus, the negative attitude of A.I. Mordukhai-Boltovsky to a series of floods of the Neva of I.G. Leutman, supplemented by W.L. Kraft with events of 1723 and 1725 defies reasonable explanation. This accusation formally «justified» the dismemberment of a number of various leveling amendments determined in the XX century in the process of reducing to the zero of Kronstadt footstock.
About the Authors
T. I. Malova
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
117997, Nahimovskiy prospekt, 36, Moscow
A. A. Rodionov
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg Research Center RAS
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
117997, Nahimovskiy prospekt, 36, Moscow
199034, Universitetskaya Nab., 5, St. Petersburg
References
1. Weber F.-Chr. Des veränderten Russlandes Zweiter Theil. Hannover. 1739. 247 s.
2. Bogdanov V.I., Malova T.I. Fort «Kronshlot» and the flood of 1721 or 1777 on the engraving of unknown Dutch author. Tsytadel. 2012, 19, 3–20.
3. Berhgoltz F.V. Diary of kamer-junker F.V. Berhgoltz. 1721–1725. M., University Typography. Part I. 1902. 189 p.; Part III. 1903. 199 p.; Part IV. 1903. 199 p.
4. Bespyatych Ju.N., Suhachev N.L. The firsts in citie’s history. Neva. 1985, 3, 188–191.
5. Krafft W.L. Notices et remarques sur les débordemens de la Néva à St. Petersbourg, accompagnées d’une carte représentant la crue et la diminution des eaux du canal de Kronstadt, pour chaque jour de l’année 1777. Acta Academiae Scientiarum Imperialis Petropolitanae, pro Anno 1777. St. Petersbourg, 1780, 39–62.
6. Krafft W.L. News and notes of academician Krafft about floods of Neva in Saint-Petersburg, with the table of everyday water increasing and decreasing in Kronstadt channel in 1777. Novyje Yezednevnyje Sochineniya. 1795, Part CIX, 37–50; Part CXI, 74–93.
7. Annals of the Peter and Paul Fortress, 1703–1879. Archive of the Museum of St Petersburg History. Peter and Paul Fortress. 255 p.
8. Golovin N.N. Petersburg in Peter’s time. Historical sketch. SPb.-М., 1903, 2, 36 p.
9. Bespyatych Ju.N. Floods in Petersburg of Peter I. SPb., Istoricheskaya Illjustratsiya, 2013. 408 p.
10. Leutmann J.G., Euler L. For the sake of the great storm from the sea, which (October 12) at 10 o’clock happened and the islands in the city from the water sank everything. Istoricheskih, Genealogicheskih i Geograficheskih Primechanijev v Vedomostjah Chasti. № 86, 88–91. 1729, 345–348, 353–368.
11. Leutmann J.G., Euler L. Ein Heftiger Sturm aus der See, welcher sich (den 12 October) um 10. Uhr Morgens anhub, und die Insuln dieser Stadt mehrentheils unter Wasser aetzte. Historische, Genealogische und Geographische Anmerckungen über die Zeitungen. St. 86, 88–91. 1729, 437–440, 445–460.
12. Georgi I.G. Description of the Russian-Imperial capital city of St. Petersburg and attractions in its vicinity. SPb., 1794, XIC, [14], 727 p., plan.
13. Berh V.N. Detailed historical information about all the floods in St. Petersburg. Zapiski Gosudarstvennogo Admiralteiskogo Departamenta, Otnosyashijesya k Moreplavaniyu, Naukam i Slovesnosti. 1826, Part XI, 415–500.
14. Tables for statistical data about Saint-Petersburg. SPb., 1836, 8 maps, V p., 98 tabl.
15. Rykachev M.А. Floods in St. Petersburg and the possibility of predicting them based on meteorological observations. Zapiski po Gidrografii. Iss. XIX, 1898, 99–124.
16. Mordukhai-Boltovskoy А.I. Levels of some Leningrad floods of the 18th and early 19th centuries. Izvestiya Gosudarstvennogo Gidrologicheskogo Instituta. 1932, 48, 14–35.
17. Mordukhai-Boltovskoy А.I. Study of hydrometric materials of the Neva River. Part I. Materialy po Gidrologii, Gidrografii i Vodnym Silam SSSR. Iss. XV. Serie I.L.-М., 1932. 264 p., plan.
18. Grushevsky М.S., Lazarenko N.N. Study of the Leningrad floods and their prediction. Trudy GOIN. Iss. 41. L., 1957, 142–158.
19. Nezhihovsky R.А. Hydrological issues of the Neva River and Neva Bay. L., 1988. 224 p.
20. Bogdanov V.I., Malova T.I. Leutmann J.G., Euler L.— authors of the first publications in Russia on the floods of the Neva and on the high and low tide. Godichnaya Nauchnaya Konferentsiya Instituta Istorii Yestestvoznanija i Tekhniki RAN. М., 2006, 691–694.
21. Bogdanov V.I., Malova T.I. Leutmann J.G., Euler L.— authors of the first publications in Russia on the floods of the Neva and on the high and low tide. Materialy Mezdunarodnoi Nauchnoi Konferentsii «Leonard Euler I sovremennaya nauka». SPb., 2007, 327–333.
22. Bogdanov V.I., Malova T.I. Leonard Euler, floods of the Neva and sea tides. Leonard Euler: To the 300th anniversary of his birth. SPb., 2008, 221–234.
23. Gipping А.I. Newa and Niyenshantz. SPb., Imperatorskaya Akademija Nauk, 1909. Part I. XVI p., 301 p.; Part II. 251 p.
24. Bogdanov V.I. Kronstadt tide-gauge (past, present and future). SPb., Aerogeodeziya, 1994. 122 p.
25. Mordukhai-Boltovskoy А.I. The graph of the rise in water in Leningrad above 163 cm above Vitram «0» during flash floods from 1703 to 1932 with an indication of the number of floods per year. L., GAENII, 1934.
26. Pomeranetz К.S. Floods in Petersburg, 1703–1997. SPb., 1998. [1], 171 p.
27. Pomeranetz К.S. Floods / Article in Encyclopedia «Three centuries of Saint-Petersburg». Т. I., Kniga 2. SPb., 2001. P. 7–9.
28. Pomeranetz К.S. Addition and clarification of information about floods in St. Petersburg. SPb., 2004. Iss. 27, 97–110.
29. Pomeranetz К.S. Тhree centuries of Neva floods. SPb., 2005. 216 p.
30. Pomeranetz К.S. Misfortunes of the Neva banks. From the history of the Neva floods. М., 2009. 432 p.
31. Geintz Е.А. Leveling of Vasilievsky Island and Petrogradskaya Side in 1890 and 1891. Comparison of the zeros of water gauges on the Bolshaya Neva River and flood marks on November 7, 1824 (With a plan and 50 drawings of benchmarks). SPb., Izvestija Sankt-Peterburgskoy Gorodskoy Dumy. Prilozhenije № 14, 1909. 56 p.
32. Svyatskiy D.О. Flood in Leningrad, 23 september, 1924. Mirovedenije. 1924, 2 (47), 218–223.
33. Boulanger Yu.D., Bogdanov V.I., Kaliazin V.E., Troshkov G.A. A description of the sea level and geodynamic complex at Shepelevo (Russia, Baltic Sea, Bay of Finland). Sea Level Changes: Determination and Effects. New York: IUGG and American Geophysical Union Publications. 1992, 11, 113–116.
Review
For citations:
Malova T.I., Rodionov A.A. Catastrophic flood of the Neva, 1721 (to the 300th anniversary of the event). Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics. 2021;14(4):111-118. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.7868/S2073667321040109
Views:
215
Email this article 