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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-899</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИДРОФИЗИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF HYDROPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Статистика экстремальных ветровых волн</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Statistics of Extreme Wind Waves</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чаликов</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chalikov</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St. Petersburg branch</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">blue_whale_tale@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский филиал Институтa океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2009</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>24</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Чаликов Д.В., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Чаликов Д.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Chalikov D.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/899">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/899</self-uri><abstract><p>Описаны результаты статистической обработки более 4000 вариантов численного ‎моделирования нелинейных гравитационных поверхностных волн на длительные сроки, ‎предпринятые для исследования физических свойств и статистики экстремальных («freak») ‎волн. Для исследования эволюции волнового поля, заданного в начальных условиях ‎спектром JONSWAP и спектром Пирсона-Московитца, применялся метод решения ‎двухмерных уравнений потенциальных волн, основанный на конформном преобразовании ‎координат. Установлено, что эволюция нелинейных волн иногда приводит к появлению ‎необычайно больших волн. Для экстремальных волн не обнаружено никаких предикторов, ‎однако размерная высота волн пропорциональна существенной высоте волны. Первичное ‎образование экстремальных волн может произойти просто как результат групповых ‎эффектов, но в некоторых случаях начинается внезапный рост самой большой волны. ‎Иногда за этим следует концентрация высокой энергии вокруг вертикали, проходящей через ‎пик волны. Этот процесс длится на протяжении лишь нескольких периодов волны в пике ‎спектра. Такая эволюция происходит с отдельной волной в физическом пространстве, при ‎этом обмена энергией с окружающими волнами не происходит. Рассчитана функция ‎распределения вероятности для экстремальных волн. Эти результаты могут использоваться ‎для оперативной оценки вероятности появления экстремальных волн на основе стан‎дартного прогноза.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>This paper describes the results of more than 4,000 long-term (up to thousands of peak-wave periods) numerical simulations of nonlinear gravity surface waves performed for investigation of properties and estimation of statistics of extreme («freak») waves. The method of solution of 2-D potential wave’s equations based on conformal mapping is applied to the simulation of wave behavior assigned by different initial conditions, defined by JONSWAP and Pierson-Moskowitz spectra. It is shown that nonlinear wave evolution sometimes results in appearance of very big waves. There are no predictors for appearance of extreme waves, however, a height of dimensional waves is proportional to a significant wave height. The initial generation of extreme waves can occur simply as a result of group effects, but in some cases the largest wave suddenly starts to grow. It is followed sometimes by a strong concentration of wave energy around a peak vertical. It is taking place throughout several peak wave periods. It happens to an individual wave in a physical space, no energy exchange with surrounding waves taking place. Probability function for steep waves has been constructed. Such a function can be used for development of operational forecast of freak waves based on a standard forecast.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>поверхностные волны</kwd><kwd>экстремальные волны</kwd><kwd>волны-убийцы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>surface waves</kwd><kwd>extreme waves</kwd><kwd>freak waves</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kharif C., Pelinovsky D. 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