hydrophysicsФундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизикаFundamental and Applied Hydrophysics2073-66732782-5221St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Scienceshydrophysics-853Research ArticleГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫHYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSESМоделирование Гибралтарского пролива: от оперативной океанографии до взаимодействия масштабовModelling in the Strait of Gibraltar: from Operational Oceanography to Scale Interactions.ИскуердоА.IzquierdoA.

г. Кадис

alfredo.izquierdo@uca.esКаганБ. А.KaganB. A.

Saint-Petersburg

СеинД. В.SeinD. V.

г. Бремерхафен

Saint-Petersburg

Bremerhaven

МиколаевичУ.MikolajewiczU.

г. Гамбург

Hamburg

Кадисский университетSpainСанкт-Петербургский филиал Института океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова Российской академии наукРоссияSaint-Petersburg Department of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of OceanologyRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский филиал Института океанологии им. П. П. Ширшова Российской академии наук;3Институт полярных и морских исследований им. Альфреда ВегенераГерманияSaint-Petersburg Department of the P. P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology; Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine ResearchGermanyИнститут метеорологии им. Макса ПланкаГерманияMax Planck Institute for MeteorologyGermany201618112022941524Copyright © Искуердо А., Каган Б.А., Сеин Д.В., Миколаевич У., 20222022Искуердо А., Каган Б.А., Сеин Д.В., Миколаевич У.Izquierdo A., Kagan B.A., Sein D.V., Mikolajewicz U.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/853

Сделан обзор работ, посвящённых моделированию океанологических процессов в Гибралтарском проливе. Это район, в котором поверхностные Атлантические воды поступают в Средиземное море, а вытекающие Средиземноморские воды распространяются на средних глубинах Северной Атлантики, формируя значительную термохалинную аномалию. Кроме среднего водообмена рассматриваются и другие процессы, такие как приливы, внутренние волны высокой амплитуды, субинерциальные колебания, вызванные метеорологическими явлениями синоптического масштаба, перемешивание и широкий спектр пространственно-временных масштабов. Значительный прогресс, достигнутый в понимании и моделировании океанологических процессов в Гибралтарском проливе, позволяет отвечать на новые общественные запросы и ставить новые научные задачи. Одним из социоэкономических требований является увеличивающаяся потребность в оперативной океанографической информации для использования в процессе принятия решений в районе, который является одним из наиболее интенсивных судоходных проливов в мире, и в результате этого подвергается повышенному риску морских происшествий и загрязнения окружающей среды. В статье описывается Оперативная Океанографическая Система для Гибралтарского пролива, отвечающая вышеуказанным требованиям. Новые научные задачи вызывают необходимость в развитии модельных исследований, учитывающих процессы и взаимодействие между разными масштабами. Используя глобальную модель циркуляции океана с регионально увеличенным пространственным разрешением вокруг Иберийского полуострова, мы смогли разрешить процессы локальных масштабов в Гибралтарском проливе и Кадисском заливе, в то же время учитывая процессы происходящие в масштабах всего Атлантического океана. Нами было обнаружено, что вызванные приливами процессы локального масштаба в Гибралтарском проливе и Кадисском заливе оказывают существенный вклад в распределение средиземноморских вод в Атлантическом океане.

We make a review on the modelling efforts devoted to better understand the complex oceanography of the Strait of Gibraltar, where Atlantic waters enter the Mediterranean Sea as a surface flow, and Mediterranean outflowing waters spread into the interior of the North Atlantic forming a prominent basin-scale termohaline anomaly at mid-depths. Besides the mean exchange flows relevant phenomena include tides, high amplitude internal waves, meteorologically forced subinertial oscillations, mixing, and involve a wide-range of spatio-temporal scales. The remarkable progress achieved in understanding and modelling the ocean processes in the Strait of Gibraltar allows now undertaking new societal demands and scientific challenges. One societal demand is given by the increasing need of operational oceanographic information as a support tool for decision-makers in an area considered as one of world's busiest shipping lanes, with an increased risk of maritime accidents and environmental pollution. We present an Operational Oceanography system for the Strait of Gibraltar responding to that demand. On the other hand, new scientific challenges call for the need of developing perspective-modelling studies accounting for process and scale interactions. Using a global ocean general circulation model with regional high resolution around the Iberian Peninsula we are able to resolve the local-scale at the Strait of Gibraltar and the Gulf of Cádiz while focusing on the basin scale. As a result, we find that tidally-induced local-scale processes in the Strait and in the Gulf of Cádiz appear to have a drastic impact on the distribution of Mediterranean outflow waters in the Atlantic basin.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.