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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-817</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИДРОФИЗИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF HYDROPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Мониторинг и прогноз «персональной» окружающей среды</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Monitoring and Forecasting of Personal Environment</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зилитинкевич</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zilitinkevich</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">sergej.zilitinkevich@fmi.fi</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кулмала</surname><given-names>К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulmala</surname><given-names>M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бакланов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Baklanov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Эзау</surname><given-names>И. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Esau</surname><given-names>I. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюряков</surname><given-names>С. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyuryakov</surname><given-names>S. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хельсинкский университет; Финский метеорологический институт; Московский государственный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова; Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н. И. Лобачевского; Институт географии Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>University of Helsinki; Finnish Meteorological Institute; Lomonosov Moscow State University; Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod; Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Хельсинкский университет</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>1University of Helsinki</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всемирная метеорологическая организация, департамент научных исследований</institution><country>Швейцария</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>World Meteorological Organization, Research Department</institution><country>Switzerland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Центр по окружающей среде и дистанционному зондированию им. Ф. Нансена</institution><country>Норвегия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Centre</institution><country>Norway</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Финский метеорологический институт</institution><country>Финляндия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Finnish Meteorological Institute</institution><country>Finland</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>93</fpage><lpage>97</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Зилитинкевич С.С., Кулмала К., Бакланов А.А., Эзау И.Н., Тюряков С.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Зилитинкевич С.С., Кулмала К., Бакланов А.А., Эзау И.Н., Тюряков С.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Zilitinkevich S.S., Kulmala M., Baklanov A.A., Esau I.N., Tyuryakov S.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/817">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/817</self-uri><abstract><p>Современное технологическое развитие и глобальная урбанизация в сочетании с изменением климата и загрязнением воздуха, водоемов и почв резко повышает чувствительность к состоянию окружающей среды большинства сфер жизни, включая транспорт, энергетический сектор, сельское хозяйство. Современному человеку требуется все более детальное знание о его «персональной» среде обитания: климате, погоде и качестве воздуха на рабочем месте, дома, на улице, на приусадебном участке, на сельскохозяйственном поле и т. п. С позиций науки «персональная» окружающая среда человека — это планетарный пограничный слой (ППС) — нижний турбулентный слой атмосферы, непосредственно взаимодействующий с подстилающей земной или водной поверхностью и ограниченный сверху слаботурбулентной свободной атмосферой. Характеристики ППС в значительной степени определяются свойствами почв, растительности, поверхностных вод и сооружений. Настало время применить на практике новейшие достижения в понимании природы ППС, турбулентности, атмосферной химии и взаимодействий в системе аэрозоль–облачность–климат, что позволит кардинально улучшить архитектуру системы наблюдения за погодой и качеством воздуха, включая краудсорсинг; моделирование и прогнозирование погоды и качества воздуха со сверхвысоким разрешением. Мы ожидаем, что уже в ближайшем будущем данные традиционного метеорологического мониторинга, выполняющегося национальными службами погоды, будут все в большей степени дополняться данными, поступающими от физических лиц, метеозависимых предприятий (транспортного, энергетического и аграрного секторов) и других заинтересованных организаций (например, школ). Угроза катастрофического загрязнения воздуха в мегаполисах создает очевидную мотивацию для частных наблюдений, а значит и спроса на недорогие приборы для измерений, прежде всего, качества воздуха и на улице, и внутри помещений. Этот процесс уже идет, и важно гармонизировать его с ведущимися разработками в области атмосферных наук, технологий наблюдений и управления качеством окружающей среды.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>In view of ongoing industrial development, urbanisation, deterioration of environment and climate change, individuals, organisations and businesses are becoming more and more meteorologically/environmentally vulnerable. Modern life requires knowledge about our personal environment: climate, weather and air/water/soil quality at home or work, outdoors, in a garden or filed, etc. From the scientific standpoint, personal environment is the lower essentially turbulent atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) — immediately affected by interactions with underlying land/water surfaces, separated from the free atmosphere by the low-turbulence interface, and controlled by the properties of underlying soils, buildings, vegetation and surface waters. The time is ripe to employ recent achievements in understanding the nature of atmospheric PBL, turbulence, chemistry and aerosols, so that to radically improve general architecture of meteorological and air quality observations, including those provided from crowdsourcing; very high resolution meteorological and air-quality modelling and forecasting. In the near future traditional top-down meteorological monitoring by national weather services will be ever more supplemented through private bottom-up monitoring by individuals, meteorologically dependent businesses (such as transport, agriculture, energy sector, etc.) and volunteer organisations (e.g., schools). Heavily polluted megacities are disposed for establishing massive private environmental monitoring, and provide an increasing market for inexpensive instruments, e.g., indicators of outdoor and indoor air quality. This process is already on track. It is important to harmonise it with current developments in atmospheric science, industry of observations, and environmental management.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>изменение климата</kwd><kwd>качество воздуха</kwd><kwd>качество жизни</kwd><kwd>микроклимат</kwd><kwd>персональная окружающая среда</kwd><kwd>планетарный пограничный слой</kwd><kwd>урбанизация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>air quality</kwd><kwd>climate change</kwd><kwd>microclimate</kwd><kwd>personal environment</kwd><kwd>planetary boundary layer</kwd><kwd>quality of life</kwd><kwd>urbanisation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Searl A. A review of the acute and long term impacts of exposure to nitrogen dioxide in the United Kingdom. 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