hydrophysicsФундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизикаFundamental and Applied Hydrophysics2073-66732782-5221St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.7868/S2073667318020065hydrophysics-753Research ArticleГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫHYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSESОпыт экологической оценки статуса акваторий на основе диагностики адаптивного потенциала некоторых беспозвоночных животных из суб-регионов Балтийского моряExperience on ecological status assessment based on adaptive potential diagnostics in selected invertebrates of the Baltic Sea sub-regionsКузнецоваТ. В.KuznetsovaT. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

kuznetsova_tv@bk.ruХолодкевичС. В.KholodkevichS. V.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

КуракинА. С.KurakinA. S.

Санкт-Петербург

Saint-Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский центр экологической безопасности РАНРоссияSaint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationСанкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский центр экологической безопасности РАН; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университетРоссияSaint-Petersburg Scientific Research Center for Ecological Safety Russian Academy of Sciences; Saint-Petersburg State UniversityRussian Federation2018161120221127585Copyright © Кузнецова Т.В., Холодкевич С.В., Куракин А.С., 20222022Кузнецова Т.В., Холодкевич С.В., Куракин А.С.Kuznetsova T.V., Kholodkevich S.V., Kurakin A.S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/753

Цель данной работы состояла в том, чтобы сделать обзор наших результатов по оценкам загрязнения некоторых проблемных акваторий суб-регионов Балтийского моря, полученных в ходе проведенных ранее полевых и лабораторных исследований на основе использования разработанной в НИЦЭБ РАН биоэлектронной системы мониторинга кардиоактивности беспозвоночных животных. Статья также посвящена опыту развития и апробации предложенного подхода к оценке биологических эффектов химического загрязнения окружающей среды на основе оценки адаптивного потенциала местных видов беспозвоночных, обитающих в разных по антропогенной нагрузке пресноводных, солоноводных и морских акваториях Балтийского моря, а также Невской губе и реке Неве. Оценка адаптивных возможностей животных выполнялась, используя метод функциональной нагрузки на двустворчатых моллюсков (Anodоnta anatina, Mytilus edulis, Mytilus trossulus и Macoma (Limecola) balthica) и высших раков (Carcinus maenas и Astacus leptodactylus), на основе измерения времени восстановления сердечного ритма после снятия нагрузки. Как показали исследования, быстрое восстановление (меньше чем 50—60 мин) соответствует высокому уровню адаптивного потенциала этих видов животных, их хорошее функциональное состояние, указывая на хороший экологический статус места исследования, в котором живут эти животные. В работе рассмотрен ряд примеров, демонстрирующих, как предложенная авторами методология оценки функционального состояния беспозвоночных может использоваться в экологической оценке состояния (здоровья) экосистем акваторий Балтийского региона.

The aim of the present paper was to review the results obtained in our previous field and laboratory studies using cardiac monitoring system worked out in SRCES RAS for assessing of environmental pollution in a few problem aquatoria of the Baltic Sea Region. Paper is concerned also to the experience of development and approbation of proposed approach to the assessment of biological effects of environmental chemical stress based on evaluation of adaptive potential of indigenous species of the invertebrates from different in anthropogenic pressure fresh water, brackish water or marine areas, with the emphasize on subregions of the Baltic Sea (including estuary of the Neva River). The assessment of adaptivity was performed using method of physiological loading on bivalve mollusks (Anodonta anatina, Mytilus edulis, Mytilus trossulus and Macoma (Limecola) balthica) and anti-orthostatic test in crustacean (Carcinus maenas and Astacus leptodactylus), based on measuring the heart rate recovery time after removal of stress load. Rapid recovery (less than 50-60 min) signifies a good adaptive potential in different species, indicating good ecological status of the study site they inhabit. The paper presents a number of examples demonstrating how methodology for the evaluation of invertebrate’s physiological state can be used in ecosystem health assessment in the Baltic Sea Region.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.