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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S207366731802003X</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-750</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Меры по смягчению последствий береговой эрозии на побережье острова Котлин в Финском заливе, Балтийское море</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Mitigation measures of coastal erosion on the Kotlin Island’s shores in the Gulf of Finland, the Baltic Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябченко</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabchenko</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vla-ryabchenko@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Леонтьев</surname><given-names>И. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Leontyev</surname><given-names>I. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Рябчук</surname><given-names>Д. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ryabchuk</surname><given-names>D. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сергеев</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sergeev</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дворников</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dvornikov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мартьянов</surname><given-names>С. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Martyanov</surname><given-names>S. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жамойда</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhamoida</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский геологический институт им. А. П. Карпинского (ВСЕГЕИ); Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Институт наук о Земле</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI); St.-Petersburg State University, Institute of Earth Science</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Всероссийский научно-исследовательский геологический институт им. А.П. Карпинского (ВСЕГЕИ)</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>A.P. Karpinsky Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI)</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>36</fpage><lpage>50</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Рябченко В.А., Леонтьев И.О., Рябчук Д.В., Сергеев А.Ю., Дворников А.Ю., Мартьянов С.Д., Жамойда В.А., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Рябченко В.А., Леонтьев И.О., Рябчук Д.В., Сергеев А.Ю., Дворников А.Ю., Мартьянов С.Д., Жамойда В.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ryabchenko V.A., Leontyev I.O., Ryabchuk D.V., Sergeev A.Y., Dvornikov A.Y., Martyanov S.D., Zhamoida V.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/750">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/750</self-uri><abstract><p>Интенсивная эрозия берегов вблизи острова Котлин в Финском заливе, наблюдаемая в последние 70 лет, может привести к полному исчезновению песчаных пляжей в западной части о. Котлин в ближайшем будущем. В статье оценивается интенсивность береговой эрозии в западной части о. Котлин и предлагается метод искусственной подсыпки, обеспечивающий сохранение песчаных пляжей. Геологические исследования выявили следующие особенности прибрежной зоны моря и берега в западной части о. Котлин: 1) значительный дефицит донных осадков; 2) небольшая (около 30 см) толщина активного песчаного слоя, 3) преобладание узких (10—15 м) песчаных пляжей и 4) низкий и плавный рельеф морского дна и берега. Параметры искусственного пляжа определяются из совместной модели, объединяющей модели циркуляции воды, ветровых волн и динамики осадков. Расчеты скорости течений и ветровых волн проводились с использованием трехмерной гидродинамической модели восточной части Финского залива и волновой модели SWAN, соответственно. Деформация побережья из-за штормовых нагонов была рассчитана на основе модели CROSS-P. Исходными данными были начальный профиль глубины, характеристики донных осадков, скорость ветра, изменения уровня воды и параметров волн во время шторма, его продолжительность. По заданным внешним воздействиям (атмосферный форсинг из модели HIRLAM, граничные условия на открытой водной границе из модели HIROMB, рельеф дна и пляжа в прибрежной зоне по результатам вышеуказанных геологических исследований) рассчитаны параметры профиля искусственного пляжа при максимальном штормовом нагоне, и оценен годовой объем песка, необходимый для сохранения искусственного пляжа.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The intense erosion of shores of the Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland during the last 70 years can lead to the complete disappearance of sandy beaches of the western Kotlin Island in the near future. We assess the intensity of the coastal erosion of the western Kotlin Island and propose the method of artificial sand nourishment in order to maintain the sandy beaches. The geological near-shore and onshore surveys revealed the following features of the western Kotlin Island coastal zone: 1) significant sediment deficit; 2) small (about 30 cm) thickness of the active sand layer, 3) predominance of narrow (10—15 m) sand beaches and 4) low and smooth offshore and onshore topography. The parameters of artificial beaches are determined by coupling the models of water circulation, waves, and sediment dynamics. Calculations of currents and waves were performed using a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of the eastern Gulf of Finland and the SWAN wave model, respectively. The coast deformation due to storms was calculated using the CROSS-P model. Initial data were the existing depth profile, sediment characteristics, wind properties, wave parameters, the height of storm surges, and the duration of a storm. The actual external forcing (atmospheric forcing from the HIRLAM model, open boundary conditions from the HIROMB model, and bathymetry and topography of the beach obtained from geological surveys) is given, the parameters of artificial beach profiles have been calculated to withstand the maximum storm surge, and the annual volume of sand necessary for the conservation of the artificial beaches has been estimated.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Эрозия берегов</kwd><kwd>течения</kwd><kwd>ветровые волны</kwd><kwd>динамика осадков</kwd><kwd>моделирование</kwd><kwd>искусственный пляж</kwd><kwd>остров Котлин</kwd><kwd>Финский залив</kwd><kwd>Балтийское море</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Coastal erosion</kwd><kwd>currents</kwd><kwd>wind waves</kwd><kwd>sediment dynamics</kwd><kwd>modelling</kwd><kwd>artificial beach</kwd><kwd>Kotlin Island</kwd><kwd>Gulf of Finland</kwd><kwd>Baltic Sea</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This research was a part of the project «Development of General Scheme of Coast Protection of the marine coasts of Saint-Petersburg City» funded by the Committee for Natural Use, Environmental Protection and Ecological Safety of Saint-Petersburg. The results of sections 2.2, 5.1 and 5.2 where obtained in the framework of the state assignment of FASO Russia (theme No. 0149-2018-0014). V.A. Ryabchenko and S.D. Martyanov were supported by the grant 14-50-00095 of the Russian Science Foundation. A.Yu. Dvornikov, V.A. Ryabchenko and S.D. Martyanov were supported by the grant 16-55-76021 of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR). I.O. Leont’yev was supported by the grant 15-05-08239 of RFBR. A.Yu. Sergeev and D.V. Ryabchuk were supported by the Russian Science Foundation for retrospective analysis of coastal deformations (grant 17-77-20041). The authors are sincerely grateful to the reviewers for valuable comments that have made it possible to improve the paper.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hanson H. 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