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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2073667318020016</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-748</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование внутренних волн в Балтийском море</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modelling of Internal Waves in the Baltic Sea</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пелиновский</surname><given-names>Е. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pelinovsky</surname><given-names>E. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">pelinovsky@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Талипова</surname><given-names>Т. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Talipova</surname><given-names>T. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соомере</surname><given-names>Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Soomere</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Таллин</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tallinn</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркина</surname><given-names>О. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkina</surname><given-names>O. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Куркин</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kurkin</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тюгин</surname><given-names>Д. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyugin</surname><given-names>D. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева; Институт прикладной физики РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev; Institute of Applied Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Таллинский технический университет; Эстонская Академия наук</institution><country>Эстония</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Department of Cybernetics, School of Science, Tallinn University of Technology; Estonian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Estonia</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Нижегородский государственный технический университет им. Р.Е. Алексеева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>8</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пелиновский Е.Н., Талипова Т.Г., Соомере Т., Куркина О.Е., Куркин А.А., Тюгин Д.Ю., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пелиновский Е.Н., Талипова Т.Г., Соомере Т., Куркина О.Е., Куркин А.А., Тюгин Д.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pelinovsky E.N., Talipova T.G., Soomere T., Kurkina O.E., Kurkin A.A., Tyugin D.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/748">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/748</self-uri><abstract><p>Дан краткий обзор недавних исследований внутренних волн в Балтийском море. Обсуждаются данные наблюдений внутренних волн, представлена также база данных фоновых гидрологических параметров, которые главным образом определяют характеристики внутренних волн. Эти наборы данных используются для выбора примеров путей распространения волн, которые содержат критические точки. Численное моделирование распространения внутренних уединенных волн осуществляется с использованием относительно простой модели, основанной на уравнении Гарднера и выбранной благодаря ее явным преимуществам. Эта модель позволяет проводить вычисления с высоким разрешением при умеренных компьютерных ресурсах и способна воспроизводить трансформацию внутренних волн в условиях горизонтально-неоднородной стратификации водной среды. Приводятся результаты расчетов трансформации внутренних солитонов в Балтийском море вдоль разрезов с реалистичными горизонтально-переменными гидрологическими условиями.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>A brief review of recent studies of internal waves in the Baltic Sea is given. The data of various observations of internal waves in the Baltic region are discussed and a database for the background hydrological parameters that govern the basic appearance of the internal wave shape is introduced. These data sets are employed to select examples of pathways of wave propagation that contain critical points. Numerical modeling of propagation of internal solitary waves across the sea is carried out using the relatively simple model based on Gardner’s equation. This model was chosen due to its clear advantages. It is robust, allows high-resolution calculations with modest computer resources, and is able to reproduce the transformation of internal waves in horizontally inhomogeneous sea. The results of calculations of the transformation of internal solitons in the Baltic Sea along such pathways in a realistic (spatially variable) set of hydrological conditions are presented.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>слабонелинейные внутренние волны</kwd><kwd>Балтийское море</kwd><kwd>уравнение Гарднера</kwd><kwd>неоднородная среда</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>internal waves</kwd><kwd>weakly nonlinear solitons</kwd><kwd>Baltic Sea</kwd><kwd>Gardner’s equation</kwd><kwd>inhomogeneous medium</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">All the results except for numerical modeling and visualization was initiated in the framework of the state task programme in the sphere of scientific activity of the Ministry of Education and Science of Russian Federation (projects No.5.4568.2017/6.7 and No. 5.1246.2017/4.6) and was performed with the financial support of the grant of the President of the Russian Federation for state support of leading scientific schools of the Russian Federation (NSH-2685.2018.5) and the institutional financing by the Estonian Ministry of Education and Research (Estonian Research Council Grant IUT33-3). Numerical modeling and visualization of simulated wave fields was performed with the direct participation of D. Tyugin with the use the software package developed with the support by the grant of Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-71-10101).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alenius P., Myrberg K., Nekrasov A. The physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland: a review // Boreal Environ. Res. 1998. V. 3. P. 97—125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alenius P., Myrberg K., Nekrasov A. The physical oceanography of the Gulf of Finland: a review // Boreal Environ. Res. 1998. V. 3. P. 97—125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Митягина М. И., Лаврова О. Ю. 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