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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S207366731801001X</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-736</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ФУНДАМЕНТАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ ГИДРОФИЗИКИ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>FUNDAMENTAL ISSUES OF HYDROPHYSICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Океанологические модели негидростатической динамики: обзор</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Oceanological Models of Non Hydrostatic Dynamics: A Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вольцингер</surname><given-names>Н. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Voltzinger</surname><given-names>N. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андросов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Androsov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва, Бремерхафен</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow; Bremerhaven</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Клеванный</surname><given-names>К. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Klevannyy</surname><given-names>K. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>St.-Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сафрай</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Safrai</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова, РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова, РАН; Институт полярных и морских исследований им. А. Вегенера</institution><country>Германия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Alfred Weneger Institute for Polar and Marine Studies</institution><country>Germany</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Кардинал-софт, ООО</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>CARDINAL-Soft, LLC</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>11</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>3</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вольцингер Н.Е., Андросов А.А., Клеванный К.А., Сафрай А.С., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вольцингер Н.Е., Андросов А.А., Клеванный К.А., Сафрай А.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Voltzinger N.E., Androsov A.A., Klevannyy K.A., Safrai A.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/736">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/736</self-uri><abstract><p>Представлены работы по аспектам океанологических моделей негидростатической динамики, выполненные за последние два-три десятилетия. Продвижение в этом направлении обязано в первую очередь развитию вычислительной гидродинамики, обозначившей качественно новый современный уровень моделирования динамики Мирового океана и его регионов. Широкая тематика негидростатического моделирования включает рассмотрение процессов и явлений с выраженными вертикальными движениями, для описания которых желателен, а в ряде случаев и необходим, учет динамической компоненты давления. Постановка краевых задач для подсистем уравнений негидростатической динамики, совокупность методов их реализации, оценка и анализ эффектов негидростатики составляет предмет обзора. Основой океанологических негидростатических моделей является постановка и методы решения краевых задач для уравнений Навье—Стокса динамики вязкой несжимаемой жидкости. Необходимое рассмотрение работ, относящихся к этому кругу задач, составляет раздел обзора. Изложение концентрируется на работах, использующих наиболее употребительный проекционный метод реализации океанологических моделей при различных типах дискретизации области: конечно-разностной сеточной, конечно-объёмной, конечно-элементной и при различных формах представления решения: в гранично-согласованных координатах, рядами, спектральным разложением и др. Эти приближения тестируются и применяются для моделирования отдельных мезомасштабных процессов и негидростатической динамики подобласти региона в рамках крупномасштабной модели. Структуру проекционного метода определяет расщепление оператора задачи и вычисление приближений поля скорости на этапах временного шага. Приближением может служить решение гидростатической задачи. Такой удобный подход связывает гидростатическое приближение с негидростатическим модулем задачи для уравнений Навье—Стокса, что акцентируется в обозрении.</p><p>Обзор краток. Мы старались не перегружать его ни формулами, где это возможно, ни литературой, ибо каждая из приводимых ссылок содержит свою, зачастую обширную, библиографию. Цель — представить в простом и общем виде состояние развитого негидростатического моделирования, элементы которого в уже близкой перспективе сделают возможным решение краевых задач негидростатической динамики обширных областей и протяженных участков шельфа мирового океана на основе параллельных вычислений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Results devoted to different aspects of oceanographic models for non-hydrostatic dynamics reported during two-three last decades are discussed in this review. Achievement in this field was obtained mainly due to the progress in computational hydrodynamics which marked a qualitatively new current level of World ocean dynamics and its regions modelling. Wide thematic of non-hydrostatic modelling includes consideration of the processes and phenomena with pronounced vertical movements. For their description, taking into account the dynamic component of pressure is desirable and in some cases essential. Statement of particular boundary value problems for non-hydrostatic dynamics equations subsystems, methods of their realization and, finally, evaluation and analysis of non-hydrostatic effects are the objectives of the present review. The basis of oceanographic non-hydrostatic models consists in formulation and methods of resolving of boundary problems for the Navier—Stokes equations of viscous incompressible fluid dynamics. A necessary consideration of such works is a section of this review. The presentation focuses at works which use the most common projections method of oceanographic models realization by different types of domain discretization: finite-difference grid, finite-volume, finiteelement and different forms of solution presentation: in boundary conformal coordinates, series, spectral decomposition etc. These approximations are tested and used for separate mesoscale processes and non-hydrostatic dynamics of subdomain of the region in the frame of a large-scale model. The structure of the projection method determines the splitting operator of the task and computation of the velocity fields approach at stages of time step. The hydrostatic problem solution can serve as such an approach. Such a suitable approach links hydrostatic approach with a non-hydrostatic module for the Navier—Stokes equations. That is emphasized in this review.</p><p>This review is brief. We tried not to overload it either with formulas, where it was possible, or bibliography because each cited reference in general contains its own wide bibliography. Its goal is presentation in a simple and general view of the status of matured non-hydrostatic modelling which elements will in the near future make it possible to resolve boundary problems of non-hydrostatic dynamics of wide regions and longest section of World ocean shelf on the basis of parallel computing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>гидростатика/негидростатика</kwd><kwd>уравнения Навье—Стокса</kwd><kwd>типы аппроксимаций</kwd><kwd>проекционный метод</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>hydrostatic/non hydrostatic</kwd><kwd>Navier-Stokes equations</kwd><kwd>types of approximations</kwd><kwd>projective method</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания ФАНО России (тема № 0149-2018-0014)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Стокер Д. Д. 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