hydrophysicsФундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизикаFundamental and Applied Hydrophysics2073-66732782-5221St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.59887/fpg/zkvg-71uu-xk44hydrophysics-695Research ArticleГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫHYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSESИсследование климатических изменений в Чукотском море и море Бофорта на основе численного моделированияRecent Climatic Change Research in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas Based on Numerical SimulationЯкшинаД. Ф.IakshinaD. F.

пр. Академика Лаврентьева, д. 6, 630090, г. Новосибирск

6, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., Novosibirsk, 630090

iakshina.dina@gmail.comГолубеваЕ. Н.GolubevaE. N.

пр. Академика Лаврентьева, д. 6, 630090, г. Новосибирск

6, Ac. Lavrentieva ave., Novosibirsk, 630090

Институт вычислительной математики и математической геофизики Сибирского отделения РАНРоссияThe Institute of Computational Mathematics and Mathematical Geophysics SB RASRussian Federation2022250620221526075Copyright © Якшина Д.Ф., Голубева Е.Н., 20222022Якшина Д.Ф., Голубева Е.Н.Iakshina D.F., Golubeva E.N.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/695

На основе численного моделирования с использованием региональной модели океана и морского льда исследуются климатические изменения в Чукотском море и море Бофорта. Численные эксперименты проводились для временного периода 2000–2019 гг. Данные реанализа атмосферы NCEP/NCAR использовались для определения потоков на поверхности океана и морского льда. Температура, соленость и расход тихоокеанских вод, поступающих в Северный Ледовитый океан, задавались в виде граничных условий на Беринговом проливе. Для проведения экспериментов использовались три типа граничных значений: среднемесячные климатические данные, характерные для 1990–2004 и 2003–2015 гг.; среднемесячные данные измерений в период 2016–2019 гг. Исследовалась чувствительность модели к изменчивости расхода и температуры поступающих тихоокеанских вод, анализировалось влияние на теплосодержание верхнего слоя моря, объем и распределение ледового покрова.

В численных экспериментах моделируется перенос теплых тихоокеанских вод через Чукотский шельф в северном направлении и на шельф моря Бофорта, процесс переноса теплых вод склоновой конвекцией в осенне-зимний период. В последние годы расчета в точках на границе шельфовой и глубоководной областей происходит увеличение амплитуды сезонных колебаний температуры поверхностного слоя и значительное повышение температуры на глубине 100 м. Результаты расчетов демонстрируют увеличение теплосодержания вод и сокращение объема льда в море Бофорта и Чукотском море, вызванное повышением температуры атмосферы. Показано, что повышение температуры и расхода тихоокеанских вод, начавшееся после 2003 года, способствовало дополнительному повышению теплосодержания вод обоих морей, сокращению площади ледового покрова и задержке сроков формирования льда в Чукотском море.

This study analyses climatic changes in the Chukchi Sea and the Beaufort Sea based on numerical modeling using a regional ice-ocean model. Numerical experiments were carried out for the period 2000–2019. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data were used to determine the ocean and sea ice surface fluxes. The temperature, salinity, and transport of Pacific waters entering the Arctic Ocean were specified as boundary conditions in the Bering Strait. Three types of boundary values were used for the experiments: a) monthly average climate data averaged over the period 1990–2003; b) monthly average climate data averaged over the period 2003–2015; c) average monthly measurement data since 2016 to 2019. The sensitivity of the model to the variability of the transport and temperature of the incoming Pacific waters was studied, and the effect on the ocean heat content, the volume and sea ice extent was analyzed.

Numerical experiments simulate the transport of warm Pacific water across the Chukchi shelf in the north direction and onto the Beaufort Sea shelf, the process of warm water sinking on the continental slope in the autumn-winter period. In recent years, at the points on the boundary of the shelf and deep-water areas, the amplitude of seasonal temperature fluctuations in the surface

layer increases and the temperature rises significantly at a depth of 100 m.

The simulation results demonstrate an increase in the ocean heat content and decrease in the ice volume in the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas, caused by an increase in atmospheric temperature. We also showed that the increase in temperature and transport of the Pacific water, which began after 2003, contributed to an additional increase in the ocean heat content of both seas, a reduction in the ice cover area, and a delay in the ice formation in the Chukchi Sea.

климатические изменениячисленное моделированиеморской ледСеверный Ледовитый океанрегиональная модель океана и морского льдаЧукотское мореморе БофортаБерингов проливclimate changenumerical modelingsea iceArctic Oceanocean-ice numerical modelChukchi SeaBeaufort SeaBering StraitРабота выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 20-05-00536. Развитие численной модели океана и морского льда осуществляется в рамках государственного задания ИВМиМГ СО РАН № 0251-2021-0003. Для проведения расчетов использовались вычислительные ресурсы Центра коллективного пользования «Сибирский суперкомпьютерный центр» СО РАН.The work was carried out with the financial support of the RFBR, grant № 20-05-00536. The development of a numerical model of the ocean and sea ice is carried out within the framework of the state task of the ICMMG SB RAS № 0251-2021-0003. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.