<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2073667319040087</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРООПТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROOPTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование распространения сложно модулированного светового импульса в морской воде</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Simulation of complexly modulated light pulse propagation in sea water</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лучинин</surname><given-names>А. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Luchinin</surname><given-names>A. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">luch@appl.sci-nnov.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириллин</surname><given-names>М. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirillin</surname><given-names>M. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нижний Новгород</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nizhny Novgorod</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт прикладной физики РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Applied Physics RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>12</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>77</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лучинин А.Г., Кириллин М.Ю., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Кириллин М.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Y.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/49">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/49</self-uri><abstract><p>Перевод на англ. яз.: Е.С. Кочеткова</p><p>Исследованы характеристики распространяющегося в воде светового импульса, модулированного радиосигналом с линейно изменяющейся во времени частотой. Анализ выполнен на основе статистического моделирования импульсных и частотных характеристик сигнала и аналитического представления сигнала в виде импульса, описываемого функцией Гаусса с внутриимпульсной модуляцией. Оценены изменения времени прихода и длительности огибающей импульса, вызванные разбросом фотонов по путям пробега при расстояниях между источником и приемником до четырех глубин видимости белого диска. Показано, что эти изменения могут иметь разные знаки в зависимости от частотного диапазона модуляции. Выполнено сравнение времен прихода и длительности импульса с меняющейся во времени частотой и импульса после согласованной обработки – свертки с копией модулирующего сигнала. Показано, что в исследованном диапазоне изменения параметров многократное рассеяние не препятствует сжатию сложного сигнала при его согласованной обработке.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The characteristics of a light pulse propagating in water modulated by a radio signal with a frequency varying linearly with time are investigated. The analysis is based on statistical modeling of the pulse and frequency characteristics of the signal and the analytical representation of the signal as a pulsedescribed by a Gaussian function with intrapulse modulation. Changes in the arrival time and the pulse envelope duration caused by the photon pathlength dispersion at distances between the source and receiver up to four white disk visibility depths are estimated. It is shown that these changes may have different signs depending on the modulation frequency range . A comparison was made between arrival times and durations of the pulse with a time-varying frequency and the pulse after matched processing consisting in convolution with the original modulating signal. It is shown that in the investigated range of parameter changes, multiple scattering does not prevent the compression of a complex signal when it is matched processing.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>подводная оптическая связь</kwd><kwd>сложные сигналы</kwd><kwd>волны фотонной плотности</kwd><kwd>временная дисперсия</kwd><kwd>согласованная обработка</kwd><kwd>Монте-Карло моделирование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>underwater optical communication</kwd><kwd>complex signals</kwd><kwd>photon density waves</kwd><kwd>temporal dispersion</kwd><kwd>matched processing</kwd><kwd>Monte Carlo simulation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project 19-02-0089) and by the State project “Development of radiophysical methods for ocean research” (0035-2019-0006)</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Савельев В.А. О распространении синусоидально модулированного светового пучка в рассеивающей среде // Изв. Вузов. Радиофизика. 1969. Т. 12, № 2. С. 256—262.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Savel’ev V.A. Propagation of a sinusoidally modulated light beam through a scattering medium. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 1969, 12, 2, 205—211.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Савельев В.А. Асимптотика синусоидально модулированного излучения в изотропно рассеивающей среде // Изв. Вузов. Радиофизика. 1970. Т. 13, № 12. С. 1789—1793.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Savel’ev V.A. The asymptotic behavior of a sinusoidally modulated radiation field in an isotropically scattering medium. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 1970, 13, 12, 1378—1382.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кацев И.Л. О глубинном режиме при распространении в мутной среде синусоидально модулированного пучка света // Изв. АН СССР. Физика атмосферы и океана. 1971. Т. 8, № 2. С. 212—216.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katzev I.L. The asymptotic regime in the deep layers of scattering medium illuminated by sinusoidally modulated light beam. Izv.Acad. Sci. USSR Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 1971, 7, 2, 212—218.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г. О пространственной структуре синусоидально модулированного пучка света в среде с сильно анизотропным рассеянием // Изв. Вузов. Радиофизика. 1971. Т. 14, № 12. С. 1925—1927.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G. The spatial structure of a sinusoidally modulated light beam in a medium having strongly anisotropic scattering. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 1971, 14, 1507—1509.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г. Пространственный спектр узкого синусоидально модулированного пучка света в анизотропно рассеивающей среде // Изв. АН СССР. Физика атмосферы и океана. 1974. Т. 10, № 12. С. 1312—1317.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G. Spatial spectrum of a narrow sine-wave-modulated light beam in an anisotropically scattering medium. Izv. Acad. Sci. USSR Atmos. Oceanic Phys. 1974, 10, 12, 1312—1317.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ремизович В.С., Рогозкин Д.Б., Рязанов М.И. Распространение узкого модулированного пучка света в рассеивающей среде с учетом флуктуаций путей фотонов при многократном рассеянии // Изв. Вузов. Радиофизика. 1982. Т. 25, № 8. С. 891—898.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Remizovich V.S., Rogozkin D.B., Ryazanov M.I. Propagation of a narrow modulated light beam in a scattering medium with fluctuations of the photon pathlengths in multiple scattering. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 1982, 25, 639—646.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullen L., Laux A., Concannon B., Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S. Amplitude-Modulated Laser Imager // Applied Optics. 2004. V. 43. P. 3874—3892.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullen L., Laux A., Concannon B., Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S. Amplitude-Modulated Laser Imager. Applied Optics. 2004, 43, 3874—3892.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S., Mullen L.J. Simulating the performance of in-water modulated vision systems with estimation of the image quality characteristics // Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Problems in Optics of Natural Waters (ONW’2005). Saint-Petersburg, D.S. Rozhdestvensky Optical Society, 2005. P. 312—320.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S., Mullen L.J. Simulating the performance of in-water modulated vision systems with estimation of the image quality characteristics. Proceedings of the International Conference on Current Problems in Optics of Natural Waters (ONW’2005). Saint-Petersburg, D.S. Rozhdestvensky Optical Society, 2005, 312—320.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luchinin A.G. Concept of an oceanological lidar with maximal 3D resolution // Proceedinds of VI International conference “Current problems in optics of natural waters”. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka, 2011. P. 37—43.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G. Concept of an oceanological lidar with maximal 3D resolution. Proceedinds of VI International conference “Current problems in optics of natural waters”. Saint-Petersburg, Nauka, 2011, 37—43.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г. Теория подводного лидара со сложно модулированным пучком подсветки // Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2012. Т. 48, №6. С. 739—748.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G. Theory of underwater lidar with a complex modulated illumination beam. Izvestiya. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. 2012, 48, 6, 663—671.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г. О системах подводного видения со сложно модулированными пучками подсветки // Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика. 2012. Т. 5, № 4. С. 5—17.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G. On Underwater Imaging Systems with Complex Modulated Beams of Illumination. Fundamentalnaya i Prikladnaya Gidrofizika. 2012, 5, 4, 5—17 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Долин Л.С. Модель системы подводного видения со сложно модулированным пучком подсветки // Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2014. Т. 50, № 4. С. 468—476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Dolin L.S. Model of an underwater imaging system with a complexly modulated illumination beam. Izvestiya. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. 2014, 50, 4, 411—419.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Долин Л.С. Применение сложно модулированных волн фотонной плотности для инструментального видения в мутных средах // Докл. АН. Физика. 2014. Т. 455, № 6. С. 643—646.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Dolin L.S. Application of complex-modulated waves of photon density for instrumental vision in turbid media. Doklady Physics. 2014, 59, 4, 170—172.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Долин Л.С. О дисперсионных свойствах волн фотонной плотности в анизотропно рассеивающих средах // Изв. ВУЗов. Радиофизика. 2016. Т. 59, № 2. С. 162—170.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Dolin L.S. On dispersive properties of the photon-density waves in an anisotropic scattering medium. Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics. 2016, 59, 2, 145—152.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Лучинин А.Г., Кириллин М.Ю. Структура модулированного узкого пучка света в морской воде: моделирование методом Монте-Карло // Известия РАН. Физика атмосферы и океана. 2017. Т. 53, № 2. С. 275—284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Yu. Structure of a modulated narrow light beam in seawater: Monte Carlo simulation. Izvestiya. Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics. 2017, 53, 2, 242—249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Yu., Dolin L.S. Backscatter signal in underwater lidars: temporal and frequency features // Appl. Opt. 2018. V. 57. P. 673—677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Yu., Dolin L.S. Backscatter signal in underwater lidars: temporal and frequency features. Appl. Opt. 2018, 57, 673—677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Yu. Temporal and frequency characteristics of a narrow light beam in sea water // Applied Optics. 2016. V. 55. P. 7756—7762.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Kirillin M.Yu. Temporal and frequency characteristics of a narrow light beam in sea water. Applied Optics. 2016, 55, 7756—7762.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гордеев Л.Б., Лучинин А.Г., Щегольков Ю.Б. Экспериментальные исследования структуры узкого синусоидально модулированного пучка света в модельной анизотропно рассеивающей среде // Изв. АН СССР. Физика атмосферы и океана. 1975. Т. 1, № 1. С. 86—89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gordeev L.B., Luchinin A.G., Shcegol’kov Yu.B. Experimental studies of the structure of a narrow sine-wave-modulated light beam in a model anisotropically scattering medium. Izv. Atmos. Ocean. Phys. 1975, 11, 50—53.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullen L., Laux A., Concannon B., Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S. Demodulation techniques for the amplitude modulated laser imager // Applied Optics. 2007. V. 46. P. 7374—7383.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullen L., Laux A., Concannon B., Zege E.P., Katsev I.L., Prikhach A.S. Demodulation techniques for the amplitude modulated laser imager. Applied Optics. 2007, 46, 7374—7383.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cochenour B., Mullen L., Muth J. Modulated pulse laser with pseudorandom coding capabilities for underwater ranging, detection, and imaging // Applied Optics. 2011. V. 50. P. 6168—6178.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cochenour B., Mullen L., Muth J. Modulated pulse laser with pseudorandom coding capabilities for underwater ranging, detection, and imaging. Applied Optics. 2011, 50, 6168—6178.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mullen L., Lee R., Nash J. Digital passband processing of wideband-modulated optical signals for enhanced underwater imaging // Applied Optics. 2016. V. 55(31). C18—C24.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mullen L., Lee R., Nash J. Digital passband processing of wideband-modulated optical signals for enhanced underwater imaging. Applied Optics. 2016, 55(31), C18—C24.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bartolini L., De Dominicis L., de Collibus M.F., Fornetti G., Guarneri M., Paglia E., Poggi C., Ricci R. Underwater threedimensional imaging with an amplitude-modulated laser radar at a 405 nm wavelength // Applied Optics. 2005. V. 44(33). P. 7130—7135.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bartolini L., De Dominicis L., de Collibus M.F., Fornetti G., Guarneri M., Paglia E., Poggi C., Ricci R. Underwater threedimensional imaging with an amplitude-modulated laser radar at a 405 nm wavelength. Applied Optics. 2005, 44(33), 7130—7135.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Luchinin A.G., Dolin L.S., Kirillin M.Yu. Time dispersion delay and width variation of complex modulated signal in underwater lidar // Applied Optics. 2019. V. 58. P. 5074—5085.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Luchinin A.G., Dolin L.S., Kirillin M.Yu. Time dispersion delay and width variation of complex modulated signal in underwater lidar. Applied Optics. 2019, 58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Иванов A. Введение в океанографию. М.: Мир, 1978. 574 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Иванов A. Введение в океанографию. М.: Мир, 1978. 574 с.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
