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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59887/2073-6673.2026.19(2)-3</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">jasest</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-1551</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Моделирование циркуляции Черного моря с использованием схем аппроксимации, обладающих дискретными квадратичными инвариантами</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Modeling of the Black Sea circulation using approximation schemes with discrete quadratic invariants</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-2282</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демышев</surname><given-names>С. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demyshev</surname><given-names>S. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демышев Сергей Германович, доктор физико-математических наук, главный научный сотрудник</p><p>299011, Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demyshev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4036-2447</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дымова</surname><given-names>О. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dymova</surname><given-names>O. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дымова Ольга Алексеевна, кандидат физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>299011, Севастополь, ул. Капитанская, д. 2</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">olgdymova@mhi-ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Морской гидрофизический институт РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Marine Hydrophysical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>26</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Демышев С.Г., Дымова О.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Демышев С.Г., Дымова О.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demyshev S.G., Dymova O.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1551">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1551</self-uri><abstract><p>С целью оценки точности результатов моделирования гидрофизических полей проведено сравнение трех типов консервативных схем аппроксимации адвективных слагаемых в уравнениях движения, которые дают возможность сохранять либо энергию (1 эксперимент), либо потенциальную энстрофию (2 эксперимент), либо как энергию, так и потенциальную энстрофию (3 эксперимент). Задача решалась на примере моделирования циркуляции Черного моря при помощи модели Морского гидрофизического института. Выполнено три эксперимента с атмосферным воздействием, соответствующим 2016 г. Результаты расчетов сравнивались между собой, а также с данными наблюдений. Получено, что результаты всех экспериментов близки между собой и качественно соответствуют данным наблюдений. Валидация реконструированных гидрофизических полей по данным измерений температуры, солености и скорости течений показала небольшие количественные отличия от данных наблюдений. Анализ энергетики циркуляции показал, что наибольшая разница имеет место в работе сил адвекции и плавучести в областях интенсивной динамики (на периферии мезомасштабных вихрей и струйных течений). Из анализа баланса сил следует, что соблюдение одновременно законов сохранения энергии и потенциальной энстрофии в разностной задаче обеспечивает более высокую точность при описании работы архимедовой силы и, следовательно, воспроизведении процессов бароклинной неустойчивости.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>To assess the accuracy of the modeling hydrophysical fields, a comparison of three types of conservative approximation schemes for advective terms in the motion equations was made. These schemes ensure conservation of energy (Experiment 1), potential enstrophy (Experiment 2), and both energy and potential enstrophy (Experiment 3). A numerical simulation method   of the Black Sea circulation was applied by using the Marine Hydrophysical Institute model. Three diagnostic simulations with realistic boundary conditions for 2016 were performed, and the results were compared with each other and with observational data. It was found that based on all three schemes, the experimental results were close to each other and qualitatively corresponded to the observational data. Validation of the reconstructed hydrophysical fields using measurements of the temperature, salinity, and current velocity revealed small quantitative differences from the observational data. An analysis of the circulation energetics showed that the greatest difference occurs in the work of advection and buoyancy forces in areas of intense dynamics (in the periphery of mesoscale eddies and jet currents). From the analysis of the forces balance it follows that the simultaneous observance of the conservation laws of energy and potential enstrophy in the difference problem ensures higher accuracy in describing the Archimedes force work and, consequently, in reproducing the processes of baroclinic instability.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>моделирование океана</kwd><kwd>консервативные схемы</kwd><kwd>нелинейные инварианты</kwd><kwd>кинетическая энергия</kwd><kwd>данные наблюдений</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>ocean simulation</kwd><kwd>conserving schemes</kwd><kwd>nonlinear invariants</kwd><kwd>kinetic energy</kwd><kwd>observational data</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках темы госзадания № FNNN-2024-0001.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The study has been carried out as part of the state assignment No. FNNN-2024-0001.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skopenkov M. 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