hydrophysicsФундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизикаFundamental and Applied Hydrophysics2073-66732782-5221St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.59887/2073-6673.2025.19(1)-7rpiwuvhydrophysics-1519Research ArticleВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МОРСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ОКЕАНА И АТМОСФЕРЫINTERACTION OF MARINE OBJECTS*, OCEAN‏ AND ‏ATMOSPHEREМоделирование нерадиоактивного загрязнения водоемов-охладителей сбросными водами АЭС в исследованиях последнего десятилетияModeling of non-radioactive contamination of cooling ponds by NPP discharge waters in research of the last decadehttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-3138ДворниковА. Ю.DvornikovA. Yu.

ДВОРНИКОВ Антон Юрьевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник

117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36

A. Yu. Dvornikov

36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997

dvornikov.ayu@spb.ocean.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0003-3270-4539ГорчаковВ. А.GorchakovV. A.

ГОРЧАКОВ Виктор Анатольевич, кандидат физико-математических наук, старший научный сотрудник

117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36

V. A. Gorchakov

36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997

vikfioran@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-1954ЛозаС. Н.LosaS. N.

ЛОЗА Светлана Николаевна, кандидат физико-математических наук, научный сотрудник

117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36

г. Бремерхафен, Германия

S. N. Losa

36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997

Bremerhaven, Germany

svetlana.losa@awi.deИнститут океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАНРоссияShirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationИнститут океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН; Институт Альфреда Вегенера, Центр полярных и морских исследований им. ГельмгольцаРоссияShirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchRussian Federation2026300320261918797Copyright © Дворников А.Ю., Горчаков В.А., Лоза С.Н., 20262026Дворников А.Ю., Горчаков В.А., Лоза С.Н.Dvornikov A.Y., Gorchakov V.A., Losa S.N.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1519

В обзоре систематизированы исследования последнего десятилетия по моделированию нерадиоактивного воздействия АЭС на водоемы-охладители. Рассмотрены современные подходы численного моделирования, включая адаптированные гидродинамические модели и оригинальные отечественные разработки для оценки теплового и химического влияния. На основе анализа сформулированы перспективные направления развития модельного аппарата в данной области, такие как: включение обратных связей с атмосферными процессами для повышения точности прогнозов в прибрежных зонах со сложной ветровой циркуляцией; развитие моделей взаимодействия с донными отложениями; интеграция с моделями экологического риска для перехода от оценки абиотических параметров к прямому прогнозу воздействия на конкретные виды и популяции гидробионтов; создание детальных прогнозов для экстремальных гидрометеорологических сценариев в условиях меняющегося климата для оценки устойчивости экосистем; а также активное применение моделей на прединвестиционных этапах проектирования новых АЭС для оптимизации размещения и конфигурации сбросных и водозаборных сооружений с целью минимизации потенциального экологического воздействия.

The review systematizes research from the last decade on modeling the non-radioactive impact of nuclear power plants (NPPs) on cooling water bodies. It examines modern approaches to numerical modeling, including adapted hydrodynamic models and original domestic developments for assessing thermal and chemical impacts. Based on the analysis, promising directions for the development of modeling tools in this field are formulated, such as: incorporating feedback with atmospheric processes to improve forecast accuracy in coastal zones with complex wind circulation; developing models of interaction with bottom sediments; integrating with ecological risk models to transition from assessing abiotic parameters to direct forecasting of impacts on specific species and populations of aquatic organisms; creating detailed forecasts for extreme hydrometeorological scenarios under changing climate conditions to assess ecosystem resilience; and actively applying models at pre-investment stages of designing new NPPs to optimize the siting and configuration of discharge and water intake structures to minimize potential environmental impact.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.