<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59887/2073-6673.2025.19(1)-6</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">rjcvet</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-1518</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Определение характеристик короткопериодных внутренних волн методом взаимно корреляционной обработки</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Determination of characteristics of short-period internal waves by the cross-correlation method</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1082-9528</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шарафутдинова</surname><given-names>Т. К.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sharafutdinova</surname><given-names>T. K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ШАРАФУТДИНОВА Таисия Константиновна, кандидат технических наук, научный сотрудник</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>T. K. Sharafutdinova</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sharafutdinova.taya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Астапкович</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Astapkovich</surname><given-names>A. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>АСТАПКОВИЧ Александр Михайлович, кандидат технических наук, ведущий специалист</p><p>194021, Санкт-Петербург, Политехническая ул., д. 22, литер Л</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A. M. Astapkovich</p><p>22, letter L Politechnicheskaya Str., St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tatalex2@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9228-5765</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Свергун</surname><given-names>Е. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Svergun</surname><given-names>E. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>СВЕРГУН Егор Игоревич, кандидат географических наук, научный сотрудник, доцент</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36</p><p>192007, Санкт-Петербург, Воронежская ул., д. 79</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>E. I. Svergun</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p><p>79 Voronezhskaja Str., St. Petersburg, 192007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">egor-svergun@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1662-6385</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зимин</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zimin</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ЗИМИН Алексей Вадимович, доктор географических наук, главный научный сотрудник, профессор</p><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 36</p><p>199034, Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 7–9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>A. V. Zimin</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow, 117997</p><p>7–9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg, 199034</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zimin2@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ГК «ГЕОСКАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>GEOSCAN Ltd</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН; Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; Russian State Hydrometeorological University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences; St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>71</fpage><lpage>86</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шарафутдинова Т.К., Астапкович А.М., Свергун Е.И., Зимин А.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шарафутдинова Т.К., Астапкович А.М., Свергун Е.И., Зимин А.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sharafutdinova T.K., Astapkovich A.M., Svergun E.I., Zimin A.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1518">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1518</self-uri><abstract><p>В работе предложен подход для автоматической оценки параметров короткопериодных внутренних волн, использующий сочетание корреляционной обработки и численных методов. Рассмотрено применение метода взаимно корреляционной обработки для определения задержки распространения короткопериодных внутренних волн между буями, описано применение численных методов для оценки направления распространения короткопериодных внутренних волн. Выполнена оценка чувствительности метода взаимно корреляционной обработки к шуму c использованием имитационного моделирования, показавшая, что данный метод обеспечивает оценку задержки распространения с точностью не хуже 10 % для отношения сигнал/шум не ниже 1,75. Описано два варианта численного решения задачи определения направления распространения короткопериодных внутренних волн. Подход протестирован при обработке данных натурных измерений, полученных с дрейфующих термопрофилирующих буев. Произведено сравнение результатов оценки параметров скорости и направления распространения короткопериодных внутренних волн, полученных аналитическим методом, численным методом и методом сжимающихся интервалов, показавшее их хорошую сходимость. Отмечено, что описанный подход перспективен для внедрения в системы мониторинга, работающие в режиме реального времени.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The paper proposes an approach for automatic estimation of the parameters of short-period internal waves using a combination of correlation processing and numerical methods. The application of the method of cross-correlation processing to determine the propagation delay of short-period internal waves is considered, and the application of numerical methods to estimate the direction of propagation of short-period internal waves is described. The sensitivity of the cross-correlation processing method to noise was evaluated using simulation modeling, which showed that this method provides an estimate of the propagation delay with an accuracy of at least 10 % for a signal-to-noise ratio of at least 1.75. Two variants of the numerical solution of the problem of determining the direction of propagation of short-period internal waves are described. The approach has been tested by processing in situ data obtained from drifting thermal profiling buoys. The results of estimating the parameters of the velocity and direction of propagation of short-period internal waves obtained by the analytical method, the numerical method and the method of compressible intervals have been compared, which showed their good convergence. It is noted that the described approach is promising for implementation in real-time monitoring systems.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>короткопериодные внутренние волны</kwd><kwd>обработка сигналов полигонных измерений</kwd><kwd>корреляционная обработка</kwd><kwd>методика определения скорости и направления</kwd><kwd>мониторинг в реальном времени</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>short-period internal waves</kwd><kwd>signal processing of polygon measurements</kwd><kwd>correlation processing</kwd><kwd>methods for determining velocity and direction</kwd><kwd>real-time monitoring</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Измерения в проливе Карские ворота выполнены в рамках научно-образовательной программы «Плавучий университет» (соглашение № 075-01593-23-06). Формулирование методов обработки, имитационное моделирование и обработка результатов измерений выполнены в рамках государственного задания Минобрнауки России для ИО РАН (тема № FMWE‑2024-0028).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">Measurements in the Kara Gates Strait were carried out within the framework of the scientific and educational program “Floating University” (Agreement No. 075-01593-23-06). The research was carried out within the state assignment of Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for IO RAS (theme No. FMWE‑2024-0028).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свергун Е.И., Зимин А.В., Мотыжeв С.В., и др. Метод измерения характеристик короткопериодных внутренних волн при помощи массива дрейфующих термопрофилирующих буев // Морской гидрофизический журнал. 2025. Т. 41, № 3. С. 378–394. EDN UUZCGI.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svergun EI, Zimin AV, Motyzhev SV, et al. Measuring the characteristics of short-period internal waves using an array of drifting thermoprofiling buoys. Physical Oceanography. 2025;32(3):392–407. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pelaez Quiñones J.D., Sladen A., Ponte A., et al. High resolution seafloor thermometry for internal wave and upwelling monitoring using Distributed Acoustic Sensing // Scientific Reports. 2023. Vol. 13, 17459. EDN NMMYXH. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44635-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pelaez Quiñones JD, Sladen A, Ponte A, et al. High resolution seafloor thermometry for internal wave and upwelling monitoring using Distributed Acoustic Sensing. Scientific Reports. 2023;13:17459. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-44635-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yang C.F., Chi W.C., van Haren H. et al. Tracking deep-sea internal wave propagation with a differential pressure gauge array // Scientific Reports. 2021. Vol. 11, 23311. EDN XYRZNF. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02721-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yang CF, Chi WC, van Haren H, et al. Tracking deep-sea internal wave propagation with a differential pressure gauge array. Scientific Reports. 2021;11:23311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-02721-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Preusse M., Peeters F., Lorke A. Internal waves and the generation of turbulence in the thermocline of a large lake // Limnology and Oceanography. 2010. Vol. 55, No. 6. P. 2353–2365. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2353</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Preusse M, Peeters F, Lorke A. Internal waves and the generation of turbulence in the thermocline of a large lake. Limnology and Oceanography. 2010;55(6):2353–2365. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2010.55.6.2353</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lorke A., Peeters F., Bäuerle E. High-Frequency Internal Waves in the Littoral Zone of a Large Lake // Limnology and Oceanography. 2006. Vol. 51, No. 4. P. 1935–1939. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1935</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lorke A, Peeters F, Bäuerle E. High-Frequency Internal Waves in the Littoral Zone of a Large Lake. Limnology and Oceanography. 2006;51(4):1935–1939. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1935</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Serebryany A., Khimchenko E., Popov O., Denisov D., Kenigsberger G. Internal Waves Study on a Narrow Steep Shelf of the Black Sea Using the Spatial Antenna of Line Temperature Sensors // Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020. Vol. 8, 833. EDN JDCUER. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110833</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Serebryany A, Khimchenko E, Popov O, Denisov D, Kenigsberger G. Internal Waves Study on a Narrow Steep Shelf of the Black Sea Using the Spatial Antenna of Line Temperature Sensors. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2020;8:833. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110833</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайский П.В. Стационарная измерительная система на базе термопрофилемеров на океанографической платформе для определения параметров внутренних волн: результаты испытаний // Экологическая безопасность прибрежной и шельфовой зон моря. 2024. № 1. C. 98–112. EDN TSHDME</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaisky PV. Thermoprofilemeter-Based Stationary Measuring System on the Oceanographic Platform for Determining Internal Wave Parameters: Testing Results. Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea. 2024;(1):98–112. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rong L., Xiong X., Chen L. An automatic identification algorithm of internal solitary wave for mooring data based on geometric characteristics of the flow field // Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023. Vol. 10: 1147268. EDN AYTQRY. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1147268</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rong L, Xiong X, Chen L. An automatic identification algorithm of internal solitary wave for mooring data based on geometric characteristics of the flow field. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2023;10:1147268. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2023.1147268</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zimin A., Svergun E., Sofina E., et al. Interannual variability of nonlinear internal wave characteristics in the Pacific Ocean off the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Northern Kuril Islands // Frontiers in Marine Science. 2025. Vol. 12, 1662937. EDN GNWFAF. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1662937</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zimin A, Svergun E, Sofina E., et al. Interannual variability of nonlinear internal wave characteristics in the Pacific Ocean off the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Northern Kuril Islands. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2025;12:1662937. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2025.1662937</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Бутырский Е.Ю. Методы моделирования и оценивания случайных величин и процессов. СПб.: Стратегия будущего, 2020. 642 с. EDN RIWUKM. https://doi.org/10.37468/mon_1850</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Butyrsky EY. Methods of modeling and estimation of random variables and processes. St. Petersburg: Strategiya buduschego; 2020. 642 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астапкович А.М., Матвеев Д.П., Шарафутдинова Т.К. Способ обнаружения сигналов известной формы на основе векторно-косинусной меры подобия. Патент № 2783875 C1 от 21.11.2022. EDN QUHQJA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astapkovich AM, Matveev DP, Sharafutdinova TK. A method for detecting signals of a known shape based on a vectorcosine similarity measure. Patent No. 2783875 C1 dated 11/21/2022. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Степанюк И.А. Методы измерения характеристик морских внутренних волн. СПб.: изд. РГГМУ, 2002. 136 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stepanyuk IA. Methods of measuring the characteristics of marine internal waves. St. Petersburg: Izdatel’stvo RGGMU; 2002. 136 p. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cабинин К.Д., Серебряный А.Н. Горячие точки в поле внутренних волн в океане // Акустический журнал. 2007. Т. 53. С. 410–436. EDN HFFSOU</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sabinin KD., Serebryany AN. “Hot spots” in the field of internal waves in the ocean. Acoustical Physics. 2007;53(3):357–380.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шарафутдинова Т.К. Программа для синтеза и исследования свойств детекторов сигналов. Свидетельство о государственной регистрации программы для ЭВМ № 2021615878 от 13.04.2021.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharafutdinova TK. Program for synthesis and investigation of properties of signal detectors. Certificate of state registration of the computer program No. 2021615878, dated 04/13/2021. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Himmelblau D. Applied nonlinear programming. McGraw-Hill Education, 1972.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Himmelblau D. Applied nonlinear programming. McGraw-Hill Education; 1972.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астапкович А.М., Бутырский Е.Ю., Шкатов А.В., Васильев В.В. Метод сжимающихся интервалов на регулярной сетке для поиска глобального минимума // Информация. Космос. 2024. № 1. C. 91–105. EDN AHFJUS.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astapkovich AM, Butyrsky EYu, Shkatov AV, Vasiliev VV. The method of compressible intervals on a regular grid for searching for a global minimum. Informatsiya. Kosmos. 2024;(1):91–105. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Канторович Л.В. О некоторых новых подходах к вычислительным методам и обработке наблюдений // Сибирский математический журнал. 1962. Т. 3, № 5. С. 701–709. EDN ZIGTWJ.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kantorovich LV. On some new approaches to computational methods and observation processing. Siberian Mathematical Journal. 1962;3(5):701–709. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Жолен Л., Кифер М., Дидри О., Вальтер Э. Прикладной интервальный анализ. Москва-Ижевск: Институт компьютерных исследований, 2007. 468 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jolene L, Kiefer M, Didry O, Walter E. Applied interval analysis. Moscow–Izhevsk: Institut kompyuternykh issledovanii; 2007. 468 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Морозов А.Ю. Параллельный алгоритм адаптивной интерполяции на основе разреженных сеток для моделирования динамических систем с интервальными параметрами // Программная инженерия. 2021. Т. 12, № 8. С. 395–403. EDN DNKGPH. https://doi.org/10.17875/prin.12.395-403</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Morozov AY. Parallel algorithm of adaptive interpolation based on sparse grids for modeling dynamic systems with interval parameters. Programmnaya Inzheneriya. 2021;12(8):395–403. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.17875/prin.12.395-403</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Астапкович А.М., Шарафутдинова Т.К., Шкатов А.В. Параметрическая идентификация моделей методом сжимающихся интервалов // Информация и космос. 2024. № 3. С. 52–59. EDN AVQRDU.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Astapkovich AM, Sharafutdinova TK, Shkatov AV. Parametric identification of models by the method of shrinking intervals. Informatsiya i Kosmos. 2024;(3):52–59. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kozlov I.E., Kopyshov I.O., Frey D.I., et al. Multi-Sensor Observations Reveal Large-Amplitude Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates, Arctic Ocean // Remote Sensing. 2023. Vol. 15. 5769. EDN LBAVOR. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245769</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kozlov IE, Kopyshov IO, Frey DI., et al. Multi-Sensor Observations Reveal Large-Amplitude Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates, Arctic Ocean. Remote Sensing. 2023;15:5769. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15245769</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
