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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59887/2073-6673.2025.18(3)-1</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">IXWFLC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-1445</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Характеристики и хронология балтийских затоков в октябре и декабре 2023 г. по данным реанализа NEMO — виртуальный рейс</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Characteristics and Chronology of Baltic Inflows in October and December 2023 According to NEMO Reanalysis — Virtual Cruise</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0316-1961</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пака</surname><given-names>В. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Paka</surname><given-names>V. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д.36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim T. PAKA , Principal Researcher, Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.), The Atlantic Branch </p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow 117997</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5979-1415</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Голенко</surname><given-names>М. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golenko</surname><given-names>M. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д.36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maria N. GOLENKO, Senior Researcher, Cand.Sc. (Phys.-Math.)</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 24080316600</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: K‑1544–2016</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">m.golenko@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9013-3234</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Журбас</surname><given-names>В. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhurbas</surname><given-names>V. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д.36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Victor M. ZHURBAS, Chief Researcher, Head of Marine Turbulence Laboratory, Dr. Sc. (Phys.-Math.)</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 6603968937</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: A‑7341–2009</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">victor.zhurbas@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6409-8228</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корж</surname><given-names>А. О.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzh</surname><given-names>A. O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д.36</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey O. KORZH, Leading Engineer, Atlantic Branch</p><p>Scopus AuthorID: 15080985900</p><p>WoS ResearcherID: L‑3192–2016</p><p>36 Nakhimovsky Prosp., Moscow 117997</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">andrey.korzh@atlantic.ocean.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>06</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Пака В.Т., Голенко М.Н., Журбас В.М., Корж А.О., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Пака В.Т., Голенко М.Н., Журбас В.М., Корж А.О.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Paka V.T., Golenko M.N., Zhurbas V.M., Korzh A.O.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1445">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1445</self-uri><abstract><p>Баротропные затоки соленой североморской воды в Балтийское море (SBIs), произошедшие в период с 01.09.2023 по 20.02.2024, анализируются с использованием данных реанализа NEMO. Тестирование модельного продукта показало, что он адекватно воспроизводит наблюдаемые временные ряды солености и температуры в зависимости от глубины и времени продолжительностью 32 года (1993–2024 гг.) на станции мониторинга BY15, расположенной в Готландской впадине. Объем воды, поступающей в Балтийское море посредством SBIs, оцениваемый на основе наблюдений уровня моря и солености, оказался в высокой степени коррелирующим с прямыми оценками, основанными на данных реанализа NEMO. Сопоставительный анализ SBIs, произошедших в октябре и декабре 2023 года показывает, что их количественные характеристики, такие как объем приносимой воды и массы соли, хотя и важны, тем не менее, не в полной мере определяют последующую динамику поля солености в отдаленных бассейнах Балтийского моря. Помимо приносимого объема воды и массы соли важнейшее значение имеет синоптическая изменчивость поля ветра. Учитывая, что перенос соленой воды в придонном слое Борнхольмского канала, Слупского желоба и Хобургского канала в направлении наиболее глубоких впадин Балтийского моря наиболее интенсивен при северо-западном, северном и северо-западном ветрах соответственно, можно ожидать, что продолжительный период северо-западного ветра, который сразу следует за затоком в Датские проливы и Арконский бассейн, является наиболее благоприятным для вентиляции глубинного слоя Балтийского моря.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Barotropic saline Baltic inflows (SBIs) occurred in the period of 01.09.2023–20.02.2024 are analyzed using the NEMO reanalysis data. To test the model product, it is shown that it adequately reproduces the observed time series of salinity and temperature on depth and time of 32 yr long (1993–2024) at a monitoring station BY15 located in the Gotland Deep. The water volume imported to the Baltic Sea with the SBIs being estimated from the in situ observations of the sea level and salinity is found to be highly correlated with the direct estimates based on the NEMO reanalysis data. Comparison of the October and December 2023 SBIs reveals that quantitative characteristics of an SBI, such as the imported water volume and salt mass, being important nevertheless do not fully determine the subsequent evolution of the salinity field in the remote basins of the Baltic Sea. Apart from the imported water volume and salt mass the synoptic variability of the wind field is of paramount importance. Keeping in mind that the salt water transport in the bottom layer of the Bornholm Channel, Słupsk Furrow, and Hoburg Channel towards the deepest Baltic basins is most intense at northwesterly, northerly, and northwesterly winds, respectively, one may expect that a long-lasting northwesterly wind period immediately following the inflow event is the most favorable for ventilation of the Baltic Sea deep layer.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>главные балтийские затоки</kwd><kwd>баротропные затоки соленой североморской воды в Балтийское море</kwd><kwd>Датские проливы</kwd><kwd>порог Дарс</kwd><kwd>порог Дрогден</kwd><kwd>перенос объема воды</kwd><kwd>перенос массы соли</kwd><kwd>ветровое воздействие</kwd><kwd>компенсационное бароклинное течение в придонном слое</kwd><kwd>реанализ NEMO</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Major Baltic Inflows</kwd><kwd>barotropic saline Baltic inflows</kwd><kwd>Danish straits</kwd><kwd>Darss Sill</kwd><kwd>Drogden Sill</kwd><kwd>water volume transport</kwd><kwd>salt mass transport</kwd><kwd>wind forcing</kwd><kwd>compensatory baroclinic current in the bottom layer</kwd><kwd>NEMO reanalysis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This work was performed within budgetary theme of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS FMWE‑2024-0025.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kärnä T, Ljungemyr P, Falahat S, et al. 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