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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2073667321030011</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-13</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЕ МОРСКИХ ОБЪЕКТОВ, ОКЕАНА И АТМОСФЕРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INTERACTION OF MARINE OBJECTS*, OCEAN‏ AND ‏ATMOSPHERE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Методические основы построения систем оперативной океанографии в приложении к задачам подводного наблюдения</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Methodical base of operational oceanography systems creation in underwater surveillance tasks application</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Нахимовский пр., д. 36, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117997, Nahimovsky Pr., 36, Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hydrophys@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Нахимовский пр., д. 36, г. Москва</p><p>199034, Университетская наб., д. 5, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117997, Nahimovsky Pr., 36, Moscow</p><p>199034, Universitetskaya Nab., 5, St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ванкевич</surname><given-names>Р. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vankevich</surname><given-names>R. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Нахимовский пр., д. 36, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117997, Nahimovsky Pr., 36, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН; Санкт-Петербургский научный центр РАН<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, RAS; St. Petersburg Research Center, RAS<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>11</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Коваленко В.В., Родионов А.А., Ванкевич Р.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Коваленко В.В., Родионов А.А., Ванкевич Р.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kovalenko V.V., Rodionov A.A., Vankevich R.E.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/13">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/13</self-uri><abstract><p>В статье рассмотрены базовые принципы создания современных систем оперативной океанографии. Совокупность базовых принципов представлена в виде методических основ построения систем оперативной океанографии в приложении к задачам подводного наблюдения. Охарактеризованы принципиально важные для приложений в области морских систем наблюдения свойства таких систем. Обсуждены некоторые проблемные вопросы. Рассмотрена связь инструментария оперативной океанографии с рядом прикладных задач. Среди задач уделено внимание акустическому подводному наблюдению, оптическим инструментам и моделям, биохимическим процессам и моделям. Среди базовых принципов одним из наиболее важных признано последовательное вложение локальных моделей и систем в региональные системы и далее в глобальные системы, а также сопряжение моделей и систем различного уровня. Процессы вложения и сопряжения сопровождаются уточнением начальных и граничных условий с использованиемассимиляции натурных данных. Качество выходных результатов прикладных систем зависит от качества оценок состояния океанической среды и является основой для предъявления требований к точности (неопределенности) систем оперативной океанографии. Анализ последовательной передачи неопределенности от оценок состояния океанической среды к неопределенности выходного результата прикладных систем подводного наблюдения также является базовым принципом. Состоятельность и практическая полезность систем оперативной океанографии в задачах подводного наблюдения прямо связаны с удовлетворением идущих от приложений требований. Качество систем оперативной океанографии связывается с процедурами адаптивной выборки натурных данных и адаптивным моделированием.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The article discusses the basic principles of creating modern systems of operational oceanography. The set of basic principles is presented in the form of methodological foundations for constructing operation oceanography systems as applied to the tasks of underwater observation. The properties of such systems, which are fundamentally important for applications in the field of marine observation systems, are characterized. Some problematic issues are discussed. Links of operational oceanography tools to a number of applications are considered. Among the tasks, attention is paid to acoustic underwater observation, optical instruments and models, biochemical processes and models. Among the basic principles, one of the most important is the consistent integration of local models and systems into regional systems and further into global systems, as well as the interface between models and systems at different levels. Attachment and interface processes are accompanied by refinement of initial and boundary conditions using assimilation of in-situ data. The quality of the output results of applied systems depends on the quality of assessments of the state of the oceanic environment and is the basis for the presentation of requirements for the accuracy (uncertainty) of operational oceanography systems. The analysis of the sequential transfer of uncertainty from estimates of the ocean environment to the uncertainty in the output of applied underwater observation systems is also a basic principle. The consistency and practical usefulness of operational oceanography systems in underwater observation tasks are directly related to meeting the requirements coming from applications. The quality of operational oceanography systems is associated with the procedures of adaptive sampling of natural data and adaptive modelling.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оперативная океанография</kwd><kwd>системы подводного наблюдения</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>operational oceanography</kwd><kwd>underwater surveillance systems</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="ru"><funding-statement>Исследование выполнено в рамках государственного задания по темам № 0128-2021-0010 (В.В. Коваленко), № 075-00689-21-00 (А.А. Родионов) и № 0128-2021-0014 (Р.Е. Ванкевич).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">What is operational oceanography? 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