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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7868/S2073667320040097</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-126</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОАКУСТИКА</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROACOUSTICS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Возможности сверхширокополосных систем наблюдения на примере исследования природного сонара зубатых китов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Possibilities of Ultra-Wide-Band Surveillance Systems on the Example of the Study of Natural Sonar of Toothed Whales</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Иванов</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ivanov</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, Университетская наб., д. 7–9, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>199034, 7–9, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">20mivanov@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Родионов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rodionov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>117997, Нахимовский пр., д. 36, г. Москва</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>117997, Nahimovsky Pr., 36, Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Стефанов</surname><given-names>В. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stefanov</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>199034, Университетская наб., д. 7–9, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>199034, 7–9, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт океанологии им. П.П. Ширшова РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Shirshov Institute of Oceanology RAS</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>13</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>100</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Иванов М.П., Родионов А.А., Стефанов В.Е., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Иванов М.П., Родионов А.А., Стефанов В.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ivanov M.P., Rodionov A.A., Stefanov V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/126">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/126</self-uri><abstract><p>Сверхширокополосные системы наблюдения еще не созданы. Однако теоретические преимущества гидроакустических систем адаптироваться к изменяющимся гидрофизическим условиям хорошо заметны при исследовании сонара морских млекопитающих. Для исследования подвижного широкополосного сонара необходимы точные биофизические эксперименты. Это делает возможным изучение подвижного широкополосного сонара, используя соответствующее техническое оснащение и методики, ограничивающие подвижность животного вовремя эхолокации. В работе приводится ряд методических решений проведения эксперимента на дельфинах, с помощью которых можно исследовать защищённость от помех и скрытность природного сонара, и впоследствии провести сравнительные испытания с техническими аналогами. На основе представленных методик будут получены сравнительные оценки сигналов эхолокации, принадлежащих различным видам морских млекопитающих. Будет сформирована база данных биологических сигналов поиска, сопровождения и распознавания подводных объектов в сложных условиях естественных и искусственных акустических помех.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Ultra-wide-band observing systems have not yet been created. However, theoretical advantages of sonar systems adapting to changes of hydrophysical conditions seem to be clearly visible in the study of marine mammalian sonar. Therefore, technical equipment for a broadband recording system under long-term laboratory experience is necessary. It makes possible studying the mobile broadband sonar using accurate biophysical and appropriate techniques that limiting the animal’s mobility during echolocation. The paper provides a number of methodological solutions for conducting an experiment on dolphins, which makes possible studying the noise immunity and secrecy of a natural sonar, and subsequently conduct comparative tests with technical analogues. Based on the presented methods, comparative estimates of echolocation signals belonging to various species of marine mammals will be obtained, and a database of biological signals will be formed — the search, tracking and recognition of underwater objects in difficult conditions of natural and artificial acoustic noise.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сонар дельфина</kwd><kwd>сигналы эхолокации</kwd><kwd>сигналы с неопределенной несущей</kwd><kwd>пакеты ультракоротких импульсов</kwd><kwd>время импульсная модуляция пакетов ультракоротких импульсов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>dolphin sonar</kwd><kwd>echolocation signals</kwd><kwd>signals with an undefined carrier</kwd><kwd>ultrashort pulse packets</kwd><kwd>time pulse modulation of ultrashort pulse packets</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках государственного задания (тема 0149–2019–0015).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Айрапетьянц Э.Ш., Константинов А.И. 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