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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">hydrophysics</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Фундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизика</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2073-6673</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2782-5221</issn><publisher><publisher-name>St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.59887/2073-6673.2023.16(2)-4</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">hydrophysics-1214</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>HYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSES</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование изменчивости структуры и интенсивности плотностных течений в области шельф-склон в Антарктике</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Study of the structure and intensity of density currents in the shelf-slope region in the Antarctic</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головин</surname><given-names>П. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovin</surname><given-names>P. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ГОЛОВИН Павел Николаевич</p><p>РИНЦ Author ID: 140551, Scopus Author ID: 6602132931</p><p>199397, ул. Беринга, д. 38, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>199397, Berings Str., 38, St Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">golovin@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Молчанов</surname><given-names>М. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Molchanov</surname><given-names>M. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>МОЛЧАНОВ Михаил Сергеевич</p><p>РИНЦ Author ID: 879684, Scopus Author ID: 5608261720</p><p>199397, ул. Беринга, д. 38, г. Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>199397, Berings Str., 38, St Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mms@aari.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Арктический и Антарктический научно-исследовательский институт»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBI “Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>25</day><month>07</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>16</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Головин П.Н., Молчанов М.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головин П.Н., Молчанов М.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovin P.N., Molchanov M.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1214">https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/1214</self-uri><abstract><p>Исследование заключается в анализе результатов моделирования развития плотностной структуры и бароклинной динамики антарктических шельфовых вод (АШВ) в области шельф-склон во всем геофизическом диапазоне экстремальных метеоусловий образования и существования квазистационарных полыней в Антарктике, способствующих интенсификации формирования АШВ. Для этого используется мелкомасштабная негидростатическая модель Fluidity-ICOM. Получены оценки потоков соли (плавучести) для различных типов ледообразования: статического в полыньях, покрытых молодым льдом, и внутриводного — динамического (наиболее эффективного), в полыньях с открытой водной поверхностью. В зависимости от увеличения интенсивности формирования АШВ и увеличения скорости их распространения выявлены три режима стока по материковому склону: не волновой — или докритический; вихревой и волновой — или сверхкритические (быстрые). Разделение на режимы подтверждается оценками величин внутреннего числа Фруда Fr. При разбиении развитых придонных плотностных течений на склоне пространственные масштабы меандров, вихрей или фронтальных волн оказались близкими по величине (как и их толщина), что согласуются с модельными оценками локального бароклинного радиуса деформации Россби — RdL для этих течений. Они совпадают подобными оценками RdL, полученными на основе данных натурных измерений, для антарктического склонового фронта (АСФ) в море Содружества. Полученные оценки скоростей распространения плотностных течений и перепада плотностей на их границе также совпадают с данными натурных измерений. Получены оценки объемного qv и удельного ql потоков АШВ на материковом склоне вблизи района существования прибрежной полыньи Дарнли в море Содружества, которые позволяют оценить возможный вклад каскадинга АШВ в образование донных вод при различных режимах стока. Точность и корректность оценок qv и ql обеспечивается мелкомасштабной дискретностью вычислений, с использованием негидростатической модели Fluidity-ICOM и учетом событий увеличения интенсивности образования АШВ в полыньях с открытой водной поверхностью. При увеличении пространственного шага вычислений X в численных экспериментах в 4 раза недооценка qv составляет ~30 %. Поэтому в крупномасштабных и даже в мезомасштабных гидростатических моделях недооценка qv и ql может быть неприемлемой (в несколько раз).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The research involves the examination of modeling outcomes regarding the density structure and baroclinic dynamics of Antarctic shelf waters (ASW) within the shelf-slope area, encompassing a wide range of extreme weather conditions. We used a small-scale non-hydrostatic Fluidity-ICOM model to understand the formation and persistence of quasi-stationary polynyas in the Antarctic, which play a role in enhancing the formation of ASW. The salt fluxes, or buoyancy, are calculated for different forms of ice formation, namely static ice formation in young ice-covered polynyas and dynamic intra-water ice formation, which is considered the most effective and occurs in open water polynyas. Based on the intensification of ASW formation and its spread, three distinct modes of propagation along the continental slope have been identified: non-wave or subcritical mode, vortex mode, and wave or supercritical mode, which is characterized by rapid flow. The classification into different modes is determined by the internal Froude number (Fr) estimates. At the moment when the most developed stage of near-bottom density currents are transformed on a slope, the spatial dimensions of meanders, eddies, or frontal waves were found to be similar in magnitude, as well as their thickness. This observation aligns with model calculations of the local baroclinic Rossby deformation radius (RdL) for these currents. These findings agree with comparable assessments of the baroclinic Rossby deformation radius (RdL) for the Antarctic Slope Front (ASF) in the Commonwealth Sea, which were based on field observations. Additionally, the calculated propagation velocities of density currents and the density gradients at their boundaries coincide with the data obtained from field measurements. By estimating the volumetric fluxes (qv) and specific fluxes (ql) of ASW along the continental slope near the Cape Darnley coastal polynya area in the Commonwealth Sea, we can determine the contribution of ASW cascading to the formation of bottom waters under different flux regimes. The precision and accuracy of the qv and ql estimates are ensured through small-scale calculations using the non-hydrostatic Fluidity-ICOM model. These calculations consider the occurrences of intensified ASW formation in open water polynyas. Numerical experiments have revealed that a four-fold increase in a spatial step X results in an underestimation of qv by approximately 30%. As a consequence, in large-scale and even mesoscale hydrostatic models, such underestimation of qv and ql may be unsatisfactory (several times lower).</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Антарктика</kwd><kwd>ледообразование в полыньях</kwd><kwd>формирование плотных вод</kwd><kwd>негидростатическая мелкомасштабная модель</kwd><kwd>моделирование стока плотных вод</kwd><kwd>материковый склон</kwd><kwd>плотностные течения</kwd><kwd>оценки стока</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Antarctic</kwd><kwd>sea ice formation in polynyas</kwd><kwd>dense water formation</kwd><kwd>non-hydrostatic small-scale model</kwd><kwd>dense water flow modeling</kwd><kwd>continental slope</kwd><kwd>density currents</kwd><kwd>flux estimation</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Представленное исследование выполнено при поддержке Российского научного фонда — грант № 22-27-00013.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The presented study was supported by the Russian Science Foundation — grant No. 22-27-00013.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foster T.D., Carmack E.C. 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