hydrophysicsФундаментальная и прикладная гидрофизикаFundamental and Applied Hydrophysics2073-66732782-5221St. Petersburg Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences10.7868/S2073667320030016hydrophysics-110Research ArticleГИДРОФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ И БИОГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОЛЯ И ПРОЦЕССЫHYDROPHYSICAL AND BIOGEOCHEMICAL FIELDS AND PROCESSESЯвление арктического усиления и его движущие механизмыThe Arctic Amplification Phenomenon and Its Driving MechanismsЛатонинМ. М.LatoninM. M.

199034, Университетская наб., д. 7–9, г. Санкт-Петербург

199034, 14-я линия В.О., д. 7, Бизнес-центр «Преображенский», офис 49, г. Санкт-Петербург

199034, 7–9, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg

199034, 14th Line 7, Office 49, Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg

mikhail.latonin@niersc.spb.ruБашмачниковИ. Л.BashmachnikovI. L.

199034, Университетская наб., д. 7–9, г. Санкт-Петербург

199034, 14-я линия В.О., д. 7, Бизнес-центр «Преображенский», офис 49, г. Санкт-Петербург

199034, 7–9, Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg

199034, 14th Line 7, Office 49, Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg

БобылёвЛ. П.BobylevL. P.

199034, 14-я линия В.О., д. 7, Бизнес-центр «Преображенский», офис 49, г. Санкт-Петербург

199034, 14th Line 7, Office 49, Vasilievsky Island, St. Petersburg

Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет; Международный центр по окружающей среде и дистанционному зондированию имени НансенаРоссияSt. Petersburg State University; Nansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing CentreRussian FederationМеждународный центр по окружающей среде и дистанционному зондированию имени НансенаРоссияNansen International Environmental and Remote Sensing CentreRussian Federation202002122021133319Copyright © Латонин М.М., Башмачников И.Л., Бобылёв Л.П., 20212021Латонин М.М., Башмачников И.Л., Бобылёв Л.П.Latonin M.M., Bashmachnikov I.L., Bobylev L.P.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://hydrophysics.spbrc.ru/jour/article/view/110

Представлен научный обзор одной из важнейших особенностей глобальной климатической системы — арктического усиления: более высокая скорость изменения приземной температуры воздуха в Арктическом регионе по сравнению с Северным полушарием или глобальным средним. Арктическое усиление является региональным проявлением более общего явления — полярного усиления. Однако антарктическое усиление значительно слабее арктического. Основными механизмами, определяющими арктическое усиление, являются различные климатические обратные связи, работающие по-разному в разных широтах, и перенос тепла к полюсу, вызванный атмосферной и океанической циркуляцией. Современные научные результаты в основном продемонстрировали относительную роль различных климатических обратных связей в формировании арктического усиления. От более важных к менее важным — это обратная связь вертикального градиента температуры, обратная связь Планка и альбедо поверхности. Однако некоторые другие возможные механизмы остаются малоизученными. В частности, вклад изменяющегося во времени меридионального переноса тепла довольно неясен. Более того, меридиональная адвекция тепла атмосферой и океаном может играть существенную роль в наблюдаемых изменениях интенсивности арктического усиления на разных временных масштабах.

This paper presents a research synthesis of one of the essential features of the global climate system — Arctic amplification: a higher rate of change of surface air temperature in the Arctic region compared to that of the Northern Hemisphere or global average. Arctic amplification is a regional manifestation of the more common phenomenon — Polar amplification. However, Antarctic amplification is significantly weaker than the Arctic one. The major mechanisms defining the Arctic amplification are various climate feedbacks, operating differently at different latitudes, and a poleward heat transport induced by the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. The state-of-the-art scientific results have mostly demonstrated a relative role of different climate feedbacks in forming the Arctic amplification. From the more important to the less important ones, these are the lapse rate, Planck and surface albedo feedbacks. However, several other possible mechanisms are remained poorly studied. In particular, the contribution from the time varying meridional heat transport is quite unclear. Moreover, meridional advection of heat by the atmosphere and ocean can play a significant role in the observed variations of the intensity of the Arctic amplification at different time scales.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.